Nature - USA (2020-01-23)

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Reporting Summary

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Nature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form provides structure for consistency and transparency

in reporting. For further information on Nature Research policies, see Authors & Referees and the Ed¡torìal Pol¡cv Checkl¡st.

Statistics

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For all statistical analyses, confirm that the following items are present in the figure legend, table legend, main text, or Methods sect¡on

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I ftreexactsamplesize(n) foreachexperimental group/condition,givenasadiscretenumberandunitof measurement

X Astatementonwhethermeasurementsweretakenfromdistinctsamplesorwhetherthesamesamplewasmeasuredrepeatedly

¡¡.2 A The stat¡sticaltest(s) used AND whether they are one- or two-sided

Only ro.^on tests should be described solely by nome; describe more complex techniques in the Methods section.

[] A description of all covariates tested

I Adescriptionofanyassumptionsorcorrections,suchastestsof normalityandadjustmentformultiplecomparisons

¡ç1 l Afull descriptionofthestatist¡cal parametersincludingcentral tendency(e.g.means) orotherbasicestimates(e.g.regressioncoefficient)

AND variation (e.g. standard deviation) or associated estimates of uncerta¡nty (e.g. confidence intervals)

n ¿ Fornull hypothesistesting,theteststatìstic(e.g.F,t,r) withconfidenceintervals,effectsizes,degreesoffreedomandPvaluenoted

Give P volues as exoct values whenever suitable.

f] for Bayesian analysis, information on the choice of priors and Markov chain Monte Carlo settings

I forhierarchical andcomplexdesigns,identificationoftheappropriatelevel fortestsandfull reportingofoutcomes

X Estimates of effect sizes (e.g. Cohen's d, Pearson's r), indicating how they were calculated

Our web collect¡on on stqt¡st¡cs Íor b¡oloo¡sts conto¡ns ort¡cles on many of the points above.

Software and code

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Data

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  The data that support the findìngs of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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