Creation

(^)
(^)
Form التكوين
If
Sub+
past perfect
لو – إذا^ ِخٟٟ طخَ ,^ Sub + would, could, might^ have + p.p.^
Usage الاستخدام

1. It is used to express situations happened in the past and it is impossible to change them or
   situations that are impossible because they didn’t happen in the past; (imaginary situations.)
   طّض فٝ حٌّخٟٟ ٠ٚٔظل١ً طغ١١َ٘خ, أٚ ِٛحلف ِٔظل١ٍش لأٔٙخ ٌُ طليع فٝ حٌّخٟٟ (ِٛحلف ه١خ١ٌش). فلحِٛ ٓع َ١زعظٌٍ َيوظُٔط -

 If you hadn‟t gone to Italy, you wouldn‟t have met Mario.

(You went to Italy and you met Mario.)

 If I had run faster, I would have won the race.

(I didn’t run faster, so I didn’t win the race.)

 If we had bought a map, we wouldn‟t have got lost.

(We didn’t buy a map and we are lost)

2. It is also used to express regrets. ٌٍظعز١َ عٓ حٌٕيَ. ٔظويَ ُط
    If I had been more careful, I wouldn‟t have made such a big mistake.
   interrogative الاستفهام

What would have happened if + فاعل + ماضً تام?

What would + فاعل + have + p.p + if + فاعل + ماضً تام?

 If Shakespeare hadn‟t gone to school, he wouldn‟t have learned to read and write well.

 What...................................................................................................?

 If Shakespeare hadn‟t found a patron, he wouldn‟t have become a famous writer.

 What...................................................................................................?

Alternatives to IF

) فٟ حٌلخٌـش حٌٜف٠َـش.If) ريلا ِٓ (When٠ّىٓ أْ ٔٔظويَ (. 1

• If / When I feel tired, I go to bed early. - When it is warm, I go for a walk every day.


• Where do you go if / when you are on holiday?
  .ٚطئىٞ ٔفْ حٌّعٕٟ )Ifحٌَٚحر٢ ح٢ط١ـش طٔظويَ ريلا ِٓ (. 2

Provided (that) / Providing (that) / On condition that / As long as / So long as

• You can borrow my pen if / provided that / on condition that / as long as you give it back.


• Provided that you send your order by fax, we will deliver the goods immediately.


• As long as you invite me for lunch, I will help you with your homework.
  ) فٟ حٌلخٌـش حلأٌٟٚ.If) ريلا ِٓ ( or / or else / otherwise ٠ّىٓ أْ ٔٔظويَ (ٚ الا. 3


• You‘ve got to start studying, or else you‘ll fail all those exams.


• We‘d better send it by express mail, otherwise it‘ll take days.