Creation

Ex1 : Sara told Sameh that she ( will go – went – would go – is going ) to Aswan the following week.

والمطلوب هو تحدٌد الزمن thatوالرابط told لان الجملة محولة للغٌر مباشر بوجود فعل القول would go فً الجملة السابقة قمنا باختٌار

التً the following week فعل ناقص فً المضارع ) ووجود – مستمر – سٌط ب – الصحٌح بالطبع سنقوم باستبعاد اي زمن مضارع ( تام

would + inf فبالتالً ٌكون الزمن مستقبل مرفوع درجة فً الغٌر مباشر الً next week كانت فً المباشر

: saidٌمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتٌة بدلا من 

/ shouted / agreed / reported / وضح/ indicated ذكر/ complained / mentioned ادعًclaimed

explained / showed

 He said, ―The service in this restaurant is not good.‖

He complained that the service in that restaurant was not good.

 He said, ―I won't tell anyone what you said.‖

He agreed he wouldn't tell anyone what I had said.

؟ولكن متى لا نرفع الزمن درجة فى غٌر المباشر

الأفعال الآتٌة لا تتغٌر فً غٌر المباشر: - 4
Would / should / ought to / had better / might / used to / could
 He said, ―I used to clean my room every day.‖
He said he used to clean his room every day.
فً المضارع: say(s) لا تتغٌر الأزمنة إذا كان فعل - 2
 She says, ―I live in a small flat in Cairo.‖
She says she lives in a small flat in Cairo.
لا تتغٌر الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقٌقة: - 3
 She said, ―Metals expand when they are heated".
She said that metals expand when they are heated.
:(just now\ a moment ago)مع لا تتغٌر الأزمنة إذا كانت الجملة قٌلت منذ فترة وجٌزة - 4
 He said just now, ―I have already seen the film.‖
He said just now he has already seen the film.
:الً الثانٌة ٌتغٌر الزمن فً الحالة الأولى فقط if فً حالة وجود - 5
 He said, ―If it rains, I‘ll stay at home.‖
He said if it rained, he would stay at home.
فى جملة تعبر عن حقٌقة أو عرف سابد أو نصٌحة فلا تتغٌر. must اذا جاءت - 6
 He said to me, ―You must obey your parents.‖
He told me that I must obey my parents.
Notes
:and added thatأو and that فً حالة وجود جملتٌن نستخدم 
 He said to me, ―I didn‘t post the letter. I‘ll ask John to post it for me.‖
He told me he hadn‟t posted the letter and that he would ask ..... for him.
: v+ingعند كغٌر مباشر وٌؤتً بعدها said toٌمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتٌة بدلا من 
suggested / admitted / denied / apologized for / objected to / insisted on + ( v-ing )
 He said, ―Let‘s watch the news on TV.‖ = He suggested watching the news.
:ولكن بعدهما جملة مثبتة saidمثل deny / admit ٌمكن استخدام 
 He denied seeing the accident. = He denied that he had seen the accident.
: to + inf.كغٌر المباشر وٌؤتً بعدها said toٌمكن استخدام الأفعال الآتٌة بدلا من 
Promised / offered / agreed / threatened / advised / refused / reminded / decided /+( to + inf. )
 He said, ― I‘ll lend you the money you need.‖
He promised to lend me the money I needed.
He promised that he would lend me the money I needed.
فى المثال التالى لأننا ما زلنا فى نفس الصباح : thatالى thisتغٌٌر عدملاحظ 

• Sara said to me, "I will see this afternoon." ( it is now the same morning )
  Sara told me she would see me this afternoon.