Relative Clauses^
.جملة الصفة : هً جملة تبدأ عادة بضمٌر وصل و تستخدم فً تحدٌد اسم سابق لها-
(who / whom / which (that) / whose / where / when) بعد الاسم المراد وصلة مباشرة. ٌؤتً ضمٌر الوصل -
- I told you about the woman - The womanlives next door.
- I told you about the woman who lives next door.
.الجملـه الثانٌـة ستخـدم لربـط الجمـل ببعضهـا وتحـل محـل الإسـم أو الضمٌر المكـرر فىٌضمٌر الوصل : - - We rented a housein Egypt - The house overlooked the Nile.
- The house we rented in Egypt overlooked the Nile.
- I bought a new car that is very fast.
- I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well.
عندما نستخدم ضمٌر الوصللاحظ أننا لا نكرر الضمٌر - - The woman who (she) lives across the road is a doctor.
- My uncle, who (he) was born in Hong Kong, lived most of his life overseas.
1 - Who (That)
تستخدم لربط جملتٌن إذا كان الاسم المكرر فً الجملة الثانٌة فاعل أو مفعول عاقل. -
- The woman is in hospital. She was injured in the accident.
The woman, who / that was injured in the accident, is in hospital. - These are our relatives. We visited them every Friday.
These are our relatives who / that we visited every Friday.
2 - Whom
لاقاع لاوعفم ةٌناثلا ةلمجلا ًف رركملا مسلاا ناك اذإ نٌتلمج طبرل مدختست -
- The woman was killed in an accident. I saw her last week.
The woman, whom/ who / that I saw last week, was killed in an accident.
.)وفعل فاعلحٌث أنه ٌأتً بعدها فً هذه الحالة وٌمكن حذف هذه الروابط (*
The woman I saw last week was killed in an accident.
أو أن نتركه فً مكانه كما هو. whomٌمكن أن نضعه قبل قبل الكلمة المكررة فً حالة وجود حرف جر فً الجملة الثانٌة :ملحوظة
Fahmy answered well. The teacher was pleased with him.
Fahmy who / whom /that the teacher was pleased with answered well.
Fahmy, with whom the teacher was pleased, answered well.
3 - Which / That
تستخدم لربط جملتٌن إذا كان الاسم المكرر فً الجملة الثانٌة فاعل أو مفعول غٌر عاقل -
- The dog was mad. It used to bite people.
The dog, which / that used bite people, was mad. - He told me a story. I never heard it before.
He told me a story which / that I never heard before.
*(وفً حالة المفعول ٌمكن حذف هذه الروابط حٌث أنه ٌأتً بعدها فً هذه الحالة فاعل وفعل).
He told me a story I never heard before.
4 - Whose
الملكٌة ('s)ملكٌة أو صفةتستخدم لربط جملتٌن إذا كان المكرر فً الجملة الثانٌة -
( his / her / its / their) - الملكٌة هً : ضمائرمع ملاحظة أن *
- Khaled will give a lecture next week. His book will be published soon.
Khaled, whose book will be published soon, will give a lecture next week. - I saw a man. The man's car was damaged in an accident.
I saw a man whose car was damaged in an accident.
whose دعب امئاد ًتأٌ 's *الاسم الذي ٌتبع ضمٌر الملكٌة أو