Teaching the concept of necessity

6.2 Instruments and Design.................................................................................

a) Pre-test: The Diagnosis test was used to test the subjects’ grammatical competence
before the experiment. The test paper for the diagnosis test included different items with a full
mark of 100 points.
b) Post-test: A final test was used to test the subjects’ grammatical competence after the
experiment. The test paper for the final test also included different items with a full mark of 100
points.
The stage
The main focus of this stage was to reactivate students’ knowledge in the field of
Modality and enrich this knowledge by adding new uses (Necessity). Logically, before projecting
the activities and applying them in the classroom, some theoretical research was necessary. To
this purpose, a wide range of activities were introduced at different moments.

The diagnosis test

The diagnosis test contained the following types of items:

1. Fill in item


2. Multiple choice item


3. Matching item


4. Retroversion item


5. The fill-in item implies choosing the correct word from a list of verbs by
   understanding the context and the meaning of that verb form and to put it in the blank space in
   the sentence.


6. For many years, multiple choice items were considered to be ideal test instruments
   for measuring students’ knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. In this item, students had to
   choose the correct form and the correct verb form by looking at the whole sentence.


7. The matching item allows assessing the students’ ability to establish connections,
   associations, and context understanding.


8. The retroversion items are subjective items whose aim is to assess students’ ability to
   make a linguistic transfer. The following elements were graded: correctness of grammar and
   lexical structures and spelling accuracy.