National Geographic History - July 2019

4 NEWS

Found in a trash heap in Utah, a

pointy 2,000-year-old tool has

now been identified as a tattoo needle,

the earliest evidence of tattooing in the

United States Southwest.

6 PROFILES

In 1772, a mystery woman

charmed Europe and claimed to

be heir to the Russian throne. Seeing her

as a threat, Catherine the Great took steps

to neutralize “Princess Tarakanova.”

10 ENIGMAS

Amelia Earhart’s around-the-

world flight was almost complete

when the record-setting pilot vanished

over the Pacific in July 1937. Her fate has

obsessed the world ever since.

90 DISCOVERIES

Buried by desert sands in Algeria,

the lost city of Thamugadi

was first identified by a Scotsman in 1765.

Preserved in its entirety, the site yielded

rich insights into life in a Roman outpost.

14 Moving the Temples of Abu Simbel
Building the Aswan High Dam across the Nile in the 1960s would be a boon
for Egypt but a threat to many ancient sites. The world united to save these
treasures from rising waters with a massive feat of engineering, including a
block-by-block relocation of Ramses II’s colossal Abu Simbel temples.

30 Education in Ancient Greece

Parents in ancient Athens gave their sons and daughters very different

educations. Expected to partake in public life as adults, boys received

formal schooling, while educated girls were mostly an exception.

44 Caesar’s Victory Celebrations
General Julius Caesar clinched four victories in Gaul, Egypt,
Pontus, and Africa, and Rome feted him with an unprecedented
four triumphs—one for each campaign—in 46 B.C.

58 Botticelli and Beauty
Backed by the patronage of the powerful Medici family,
Sandro Botticelli created visions of Renaissance grace
in his paintings that enthrall viewers to this day.

76 From Africa to America

In 1619, the beginnings of U.S. chattel slavery emerged when

the first group of enslaved Africans landed in colonial Virginia

after a long, dangerous journey across the Atlantic.

Features Departments

WEST AFRICAN POWER FIGURE. METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK

VOL. 5 NO. 3

SPRING AWAKENING

Botticelli’s “Primavera” features several

mythological figures (from left to right):

the goddesses Venus and Flora, a nymph

Chloris, and Zephyrus, god of the west

wind. Uffizi Gallery, Florence