Rome, the Greek World, and the East, Vol. 2 - Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire

The Aerarium and Its Officials 81

andquietrestoredtotheAerarium,toseeitasitwasbeforethedayof in-
formers[delatores].Nowitisarealtempleandsanctuaryofagod.’’^63
Inthesecondcenturywefindthemconcernedwiththereporting(dela-
tio)ofbona caduca(unclaimedproperty)totheAerarium,^64 andsemi-judicial
functionsmightgrowoutofthat.^65 Therewerealsoothersemi-judicialfunc-
tionslikesettlementsoutofcourtwithrespecttomaintenance(transactiones
alimentorum) ‘‘before the prefect of the Aerarium.’’^66 But they also appear
givingcriminaljudgements;wehavereferencestoaninformersummoned
‘‘three times byedict’’ by the prefect of the Aerarium^67 and to conviction
forfraudbeforeaprefect.^68 TheSententiae et epistulaeof Hadrianevenhasa
caseofamancondemned‘‘tothequarries’’bytheprefectoftheAerarium
‘‘incompliancewiththeLexAeliaSentia.’’^69
Thisdevelopmentofanindependentjurisdictionisoneexampleofapro-
cesstypicaloftheEmpireinwhichboththegrowthoftheinformalcognitio
procedureandthepressureof businessontheholdersofimperiumcontrib-
utedtothedefactoexerciseof jurisdictionbytheholdersofawiderange
ofposts,includingcommonsoldiers.^70

TheAccountsofPromagistrates

ThelateRepublicanprocedureisfairlywellknown.Atthebeginningofa
provincialcommandtheSenatevotedasumtobepaidoutoftheAerarium
andtakenbythegovernortohisprovince(ornareprovinciam);^71 itwasnotun-
knownforthegovernorinfacttoleaveitbehindinRomeearninginterest.^72
ItisclearthatwhatwasvotedfromtheAerariumitselfwasonlypartofthe

63. Pliny,Pan.36.
    64.Dig. 49, 14, 13 and 15. ‘‘The Fiscus in the First Two Centuries,’’JRS53 (1963): 29
    (chapter3inthisvolume).


64. SeeDig.49,14,42pr.
    66.Dig.2,15,8,19.
    67.Dig.49,14,15,4.
    68.Dig.49,14,42,1.
    69.Corpus Gloss. Lat.III,p.31,ll.50–51.


65. See R. MacMullen,Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire(Harvard, 1963),
    54–55.


66. Cic.ad Att.3,24,1;Q. f.2,3,1;in Pis.5;Suet.,Div. Jul.18.SeeA.H.M.Jones,‘‘The
    AerariumandtheFiscus,’’JRS40(1950):22Studies,101.


67. Cic.inPis.86;deimp.Pomp37.NotealsothefactthatCicerowasabletodrawmoney
    inhisbrother’snamefromtheAerariumwhilethelatterwasinhisthirdyearasproconsul
    ofAsia,Q. f.1,3,7.