236 The Imperial Government
sothatincaseyouweremakingplansinrelationtotheBosporusyoucould
dosoonaninformedbasis.’’^27 Bothbeforethispointintheworkandafterit
Arrianlistsanumberofotherkingswhoruleareasaroundthecoastofthe
BlackSeaandindicateswhichofthemhavereceivedtheirkingdomsfrom
theemperor.^28 Butthepurposeofthischapterisnotprimarilytolookatthe
relationsofkingsandemperorsbuttosketchsomeoftheotherrelationships
towhichthecombinationofprovincesanddependentkingdomsgaverise,
includingthosebetweenkingsandneighbouringgovernors.
Inevitably,sinceourinformationonJudaeaissosuperiortothatonany
otherprovincialarea,itistherethatwecanseethecomplexrelationsofking
andgovernormostclearly.Thebestillustrationoftheserelations,however,
happenstocomenotfromJosephus,butfromsomeofthelaterchaptersof
theActs of the Apostles.Paul,probablyinthelater50s,isinprisoninCaesa-
rea;thenewprocuratorofJudaea,Festus,arrivestotakeupoffice;afterthree
dayshegoesuptoJerusalem,andthe‘‘highpriests’’andleadingJewsappear
beforehimtorenewaccusationsagainstPaul.Then,backinCaesarea,Festus
holdsahearingatwhichPaulappearsbeforehimandappealstoCaesar.A
fewdayslater‘‘Agrippatheking’’(AgrippaII,nowrulingvariousterritories
tothenorth-eastofJudaea),andhissisterBerenicearriveinCaesareatogreet
Festus.Itisimpliedthatitwasaroutineaspectofdiplomacythatheshoulddo
soforeachnewprocurator.Festuspersuadesthemtojoininthehearing.The
descriptionofthecouncilwhichnextdayheardPauldeservestobequoted:
‘‘Onthenextday,afterAgrippaandBerenicehadarrivedwithgreatpomp
andhadtakentheirseatsintheauditoriumwithtribunesandleadingmen
ofthecity[Caesarea]andFestushadorderedPaultobebroughtin...’’^29
Inasensethisscenegivesusthemirrorimageofthemainthemewhich
Iwanttostress.Forwhatitshowsisthepresenceandinfluenceofanallied
kinginsidetheRomanprovinceborderinghisowndomains.Thiswasindeed
averyextremecase.AgrippaIInotonlyownedahouseinJerusalembuthad
the right to keep the high priestly robes, to appoint and dismiss the High
Priests,andtoconvenetheSanhedrin.^30 IntheyearsleadinguptotheJewish
Revoltof66Judaeawasunderasortofduallocalcontrol,bothprocuratorand
kingbeingundertheadjudicationoftheemperorinRome.
ButwhatIwanttoemphasize,asanaspectofthehistoryofgovernment
intheancientworldwhichhasbeentoolittlestudied,is,firstly,thesymbolic
- Arrianus,Periplus17.
28.Periplus11;18. - Acts25–26.
- SeeSchürer(n.8),1,421–22.