The Greek City in the Roman Period establishment of the colony. Hence for instance there is a group of inscrip-
tions from Cremna, which come from a series of statue bases, of Herakles,
Nemesis, Athena, Hyg(i)eia, and Asklepios, put up by the colony.^32 One ex-
ample will suffice to illustrate the fusion of languages and concepts involved:
τὸνἩρακλέα
ἡκολωνία
δυανδρία〈ι〉ςπενταετηρικῆ[ς]
τῶνἀξιολογωτάτων Φλα.
Ἀουιδίου ΦαβιανοῦΚαπιτω-
νιανοῦΛουκίου καὶῬοτει-
λιανοῦΛογγιλλιανοῦ
Καλλίππου
The colony (honour) Herakles at the time of the quinquennial
duovirate / of the most worthy Flavius / Avidius Fabianus
Capito / nianus Lucius and of Ruti / lianus Longillianus /
Callippus.The deities honoured are all addressed in purely Greek names. But otherwise
the names of theduoviri, Flavius Avidius Fabianus Capitolianus Lucius (?) and
Rutilianus Longillianus Callippus, are almost entirely Latin, using both the
lengthened -anusforms and the extended combination of names character-
istic of the later imperial period.Coloniais duly transliterated asκολωνία.
More than a century and a half after the foundation of the colony, Cremna
could not be characterised either as ‘‘Greek’’ or as ‘‘Roman’’; for it was evi-
dently both.
Colonisation was, however, a relatively isolated example of a positive
measure taken by Rome which had the immediate effect of introducing Ro-
man, and Latin, elements into a Greek social and cultural environment. Para-
doxically, it was far outweighed in its effects by the creation of new Greek
cities, both by emperors and by dependent kings; foundations by both often
had mixed, Graeco-Latin, names borrowed from those of the ruling imperial
dynasty. The first and most prominent of the imperial foundations was of
course Nicopolis, founded to commemorate Actium, created by the con-
centration of population, involving a re-distribution of votes in the Delphic
amphictyony (the group of cities with rights at the shrine), and giving rise to
a new and central element in the circuit of Greek athletic and theatrical fes-
. G. H. R. Horsley, ‘‘The Inscriptions from the So-called ‘Library’ at Cremna,’’Anat.
Stud. (): SEGXXXVII, nos. –. The example given is no. ; see now
I. K. Central Pisidia, no. .