Psychology2016

The Biological Perspective 91

Test Yourself

Pick the best answer.

1. In the structure of the neuron, the __ receives messages
   from other cells.
   a. axon c. soma
   b. dendrite d. myelin


2. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance
   known as
   a. glial. c. myelin.
   b. soma. d. neurilemma.


3. Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron’s axon, as
   well as helps speed along electrical impulses?
   a. synaptic knobs c. myelin sheath
   b. receptor sites d. neuromodulators


4. When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is neg-
   atively charged on the and positively charged on the
   .
   a. inside; outside c. top; bottom
   b. outside; inside d. bottom; top


5. Which neurotransmitter stimulates muscle cells to contract but
   slows contractions in the heart?
   a. acetylcholine c. serotonin
   b. GABA d. endorphin


6. Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals and
   creating a “high” feeling. Heroin is an example of a(n):
   a. protagonist. c. agonist.
   b. antagonist. d. glial cell.


7. Involuntary muscles are controlled by the __ nervous
   system.
   a. somatic c. sympathetic
   b. autonomic d. parasympathetic


8. As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your
   breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier
   meal. What division of the peripheral nervous system is currently
   in action?
   a. sympathetic c. autonomic
   b. parasympathetic d. somatic


9. Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months, and his
   body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His
   doctor believes the problem lies with Robert’s endocrine system.
   What gland will Robert’s physician focus on?
   a. pituitary c. thyroid
   b. adrenal d. pineal


10. Which gland(s) is/are known to influence all other glands within the
    endocrine system?
    a. pineal gland c. thyroid gland
    b. pituitary gland d. adrenal glands


11. Danielle is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving.
    The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through
    copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Danielle
    study would best be described as a(n)
    a. invasive stimulation technique.
    b. noninvasive stimulation technique.
    c. EEG technique.
    d. PET technique.
    12. Which technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient
    with radioactive glucose?
    a. EEG c. MRI
    b. CT d. PET
    13. Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any
    outside noise. However, the cries of Maria’s baby can awaken
    her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this
    reaction?
    a. medulla c. reticular formation
    b. pons d. cerebellum
    14. Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college
    swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements
    in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must
    Camille and Nicole rely most upon?
    a. medulla c. reticular formation
    b. pons d. cerebellum
    15. Your psychology professor refers to this as the great relay station of
    the brain. What part is he or she referring to?
    a. thalamus c. hippocampus
    b. hypothalamus d. amygdala
    16. Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of memories and
    is often linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
    a. hippocampus c. hypothalamus
    b. thalamus d. amygdala
    17. Madison suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she
    was thrown to the mat during a judo match. Subsequently, her
    occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the high-
    est chance of being affected?
    a. hearing c. taste and smell
    b. touch d. vision
    18. Jaime’s grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty
    with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experi-
    enced damage to the __ area of his brain.
    a. right rear c. left rear
    b. left frontal d. right frontal
    19. Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak
    fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one
    instance at a friend’s birthday party, she said, “I would like
    something to drink. Can I have some battery?” Felicia’s problem
    is known as
    a. spatial neglect.
    b. visual agnosia.
    c. Broca’s aphasia.
    d. Wernicke’s aphasia.
    20 Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following
    is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?
    a. left; control of right-handed motor functions
    b. right; control of right-handed motor functions
    c. right; recognition of faces
    d. left; reading