Psychology2016

120 CHAPTER 3

somesthetic

senses

skin senses

kinesthetic and proprioceptive senses

vestibular sense

Other Senses

convey information about

movement and body position

responsible for motion sickness

found in the inner ear

is an organ—receives and transmits

information from the outside world

to the somatosensory cortex of the brain

sensitive to touch, pressure, temperature

processed by the skin

processed by vestibular organs

pain

otolith organs

semicircular canals

proprioception:

awareness of where body

parts are and their position in

space

kinesthesia:

awareness of the body's own

movements prreceptors in skin, joints, ocessed by special

muscles, and tendons

convey information about

movement and body position

Concept Map L.O. 3.12, 3.13

Interactive

Reset

Practice Quiz How much do you remember?

Pick the best answer.

1. __ are tactile receptors that are located just beneath the
   skin and respond to changes in pressure.
   a. Oligodendrocytes c. Tactile interneurons
   b. Free nerve endings d. Pacinian corpuscles


2. In gate-control theory, substance P
   a. opens the spinal gates for pain.
   b. closes the spinal gates for pain.
   c. is unrelated to pain.
   d. is similar in function to endorphins.
   3. When you close your eyes and raise your hand above your head,
   you know where your hand is due to information from
   a. your otolith organs. c. your proprioceptors.
   b. the horizontal canals. d. the semicircular canals.
   4. Motion sickness often results from conflicting signals sent from the
   ___ and from the _.
   a. eyes; vestibular organs c. conscious; unconscious
   b. brain; internal organs d. extremities; brain

The ABCs of Perception

Perception is the method by which the brain takes all the sensations a person experiences

at any given moment and allows them to be interpreted in some meaningful fashion.

Perception has some individuality to it. For example, two people might be looking at a

cloud, and while one thinks it’s shaped like a horse, the other thinks it’s more like a cow.

They both see the same cloud, but they perceive that cloud differently.

How We Organize Our Perceptions

3. 14 Describe how perceptual constancies and the Gestalt principles account
   for common perceptual experiences.
   As individual as perception might be, some similarities exist in how people perceive the
   world around them. As such, there are some circumstances during which stimuli are
   seemingly automatically perceived in almost the same way by various individuals.
   THE CONSTANCIES: SIZE, SHAPE, AND BRIGHTNESS One form of perceptual con-
   stancy* is size constancy, the tendency to interpret an object as always being the same

perception
the method Dy which the sensations
experienced at any given moment are
interRreted and organi\ed in some
meaningful fashion.

* constancy: something that remains the same; the property of remaining stable and unchanging.

size constancy
the tendency to interRret an oDLect
as always Deing the same actual si\e
regardless of its distance.