Psychology2016

Consciousness 157

are dreams of flying, falling, and of trying to do something and failing—all of which are
very common dreams, even in other cultures (Domhoff, 1996). So is that often -recounted
dream of being naked in public! Take the survey Are Dreams Meaningful? to discover
more about your own experiences and attitudes toward dreams.

Simulate the Experiment Are Dreams Meaningful?

Survey ARE DREAMS MEANINGFUL?

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INTRODUCTION SURVEY RESULTS

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This survey asks you about your attitudes

toward and experiences with a broad range

of psychological principles and theories.

Click Next to begin the survey

Dreams

What do people

dream about?

typically about events that occur in

everyday life; most in color; content

influenced by gender and culture

Freud’s interpretation:

wish fulfillment—conflicts,

events, and desires

represented in symbolic

form in dreams

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Why do we dream?

dreams are product of random signals

(activation), with brain forming explanation

of signals based on memories and other

information (synthesis)

activation-information-mode model (AIM)

suggests that information access during

waking hours can influence the synthesis

of dreams

manifest content: actual dream itself

latent content: hidden or symbolic meaning of dream

Concept Map L.O. 4.7, 4.8

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Practice Quiz How much do you remember?

Pick the best answer.

1. In Freud’s theory, the actual content of a dream is called
   a. manifest content. c. symbolic content.
   b. latent content. d. hidden content.


2. Michael finds that most of his dreams are little more than random
   images that seemingly have been put into a strange storyline. Which
   theory of dreams best explains this?
   a. Freudian dream theory
   b. dreams for survival theory
   c. activation-synthesis hypothesis
   d. Hall’s dreams as reflections of everyday life
   3. According to Calvin Hall, around what are most dreams centered?
   a. everyday life
   b. unfulfilled fantasies
   c. frightening events
   d. past childhood
   4. Studies show that most people tend to
   a. dream in black and white.
   b. dream in color.
   c. only have nightmares.
   d. not dream at all.