Psychology2016

(Kiana) #1

216 CHAPTER 5


Practice Quiz How much do you remember?


Pick the best answer.



  1. Bandura’s studies found that learning can take place without actual
    performance. What is this referred to as?
    a. learning/performance
    distinction
    b. insight-based learning


c. ARID
d. cognitive learning


  1. Which of the following statements is false?
    a. There is a strong link between viewing violent media and an
    increase in aggressive behavior among young people.
    b. Prosocial behavior can be positively influenced by the viewing/
    playing of prosocial media.
    c. Young people spend more than 7 hours a day viewing various
    forms of media.
    d. Adults are not negatively affected by viewing or playing violent
    media.
    3. What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational
    learning?
    a. Attention, Imitation, Desire, Memory
    b. Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire
    c. Desire, Attention, Memory, Imitation
    d. Memory, Attention, Desire, Imitation
    4. Leticia wanted to help her father prepare breakfast. She
    had watched him crack eggs into a bowl many times, pay-
    ing careful attention to how he did it. But when she went to
    crack her own eggs, they smashed into many pieces. Which of
    the following elements of observational learning was Leticia’s
    problem?
    a. attention


6 Memory


c. imitation
d. desire

Applying Psychology to Everyday Life


Can You Really Toilet Train Your Cat?



  1. 15 Describe an example of conditioning in the real world.
    (This article has been excerpted with permission of the author and cat trainer extraordinaire
    Karawynn Long. Karawynn Long is a published writer and Web designer who lives in Seat-
    tle with her family. Sadly, since this article was written, her cat, Misha, has passed away.
    Ms. Long can be reached at her Web site, http://www.karawynn.name/mishacat/toilet.html.
    The italicized words in brackets are the textbook author’s “editorial” comments.)
    There have been more books and articles about toilet-training cats than you’d think.
    In the summer of 1989, when Misha was a small kitten with big ears and enough meow
    for five cats, I searched out and read a half-dozen of them. And then tried it myself, and


pay attention to the model

have the desire or motivation
to perform the action

able to remember
what was done
capable of reproducing,
or imitating, the actions
of the model

Observational Learning
(the learning of a new behavior through the observation
of a model; typically associated with classic work
of Bandura and “Bobo doll” study)

key elements
for learner

children observing
an adult model’s aggressive or
nonaggressive behaviors tended to later
act in the same manner they saw modeled;
no reinforcement was necessary

later research suggested
that potential consequences
can influence motivation
to imitate a particular model

Concept Map L.O. 5.13, 5.14


Interactive

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