Psychology2016

216 CHAPTER 5

Practice Quiz How much do you remember?

Pick the best answer.

1. Bandura’s studies found that learning can take place without actual
   performance. What is this referred to as?
   a. learning/performance
   distinction
   b. insight-based learning

c. ARID

d. cognitive learning

2. Which of the following statements is false?
   a. There is a strong link between viewing violent media and an
   increase in aggressive behavior among young people.
   b. Prosocial behavior can be positively influenced by the viewing/
   playing of prosocial media.
   c. Young people spend more than 7 hours a day viewing various
   forms of media.
   d. Adults are not negatively affected by viewing or playing violent
   media.
   3. What is the correct sequence of the four elements of observational
   learning?
   a. Attention, Imitation, Desire, Memory
   b. Attention, Memory, Imitation, Desire
   c. Desire, Attention, Memory, Imitation
   d. Memory, Attention, Desire, Imitation
   4. Leticia wanted to help her father prepare breakfast. She
   had watched him crack eggs into a bowl many times, pay-
   ing careful attention to how he did it. But when she went to
   crack her own eggs, they smashed into many pieces. Which of
   the following elements of observational learning was Leticia’s
   problem?
   a. attention

6 Memory

c. imitation

d. desire

Applying Psychology to Everyday Life

Can You Really Toilet Train Your Cat?

5. 15 Describe an example of conditioning in the real world.
   (This article has been excerpted with permission of the author and cat trainer extraordinaire
   Karawynn Long. Karawynn Long is a published writer and Web designer who lives in Seat-
   tle with her family. Sadly, since this article was written, her cat, Misha, has passed away.
   Ms. Long can be reached at her Web site, http://www.karawynn.name/mishacat/toilet.html.
   The italicized words in brackets are the textbook author’s “editorial” comments.)
   There have been more books and articles about toilet-training cats than you’d think.
   In the summer of 1989, when Misha was a small kitten with big ears and enough meow
   for five cats, I searched out and read a half-dozen of them. And then tried it myself, and

pay attention to the model

have the desire or motivation

to perform the action

able to remember

what was done

capable of reproducing,

or imitating, the actions

of the model

Observational Learning

(the learning of a new behavior through the observation

of a model; typically associated with classic work

of Bandura and “Bobo doll” study)

key elements

for learner

children observing

an adult model’s aggressive or

nonaggressive behaviors tended to later

act in the same manner they saw modeled;

no reinforcement was necessary

later research suggested

that potential consequences

can influence motivation

to imitate a particular model

Concept Map L.O. 5.13, 5.14

Interactive

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