Psychology2016

Development across the Life Span 317

Practice Quiz How much do you remember?

Pick the best answer.

1. In a __ design, one group of people is followed and
   assessed at different times as the group ages.
   a. longitudinal c. cross-sequential
   b. cross-sectional d. cross-longitudinal


2. The cognitive and social changes students go through because they
   are born and grow up in an age of smartphones would be referred
   to as a(n)
   a. experimental group. c. dominance effect.
   b. control group. d. cohort effect.


3. Brandy has naturally blond hair. Based on this information, what do
   we know about Brandy’s parents?
   a. At least one of her parents has a recessive blond hair gene.
   b. Each of her parents must have one recessive blond hair gene.
   c. Each of her parents must have one dominant brown hair gene.
   d. Neither of her parents has a recessive blond hair gene.
   4. When sets of genes group together, the result can be multiple traits
   expressed as a single dominant trait. This is best explained by the
   process known as
   a. dominant inheritance.
   b. recessive inheritance.
   c. polygenic inheritance.
   d. amines.
   5. Which of the following is a disorder resulting from recessive
   inheritance?
   a. Turner’s syndrome c. cystic fibrosis
   b. Klinefelter’s syndrome d. Down syndrome
   6. Which disorder is characterized by having only one X chromosome
   in the 23rd pairing?
   a. Tay-Sachs c. Klinefelter’s syndrome
   b. Turner’s syndrome d. PKU

Basic Building

Blocks of

Development

longitudinal: one group of

people is followed and assessed

at different times as they age

cross-sectional: several different

age-groups are studied at one time

cross-sequential: combination

of longitudinal and cross-sectional

specific physical and behavioral traits are dependent

upon pairing of genes; more active genes are dominant,

others are recessive (see Figure 8.2)

most traits are polygenetic

genetic disorders carried by recessive genes are expressed

when a child gets two recessive genes

issue may also occur if chromosomes having an extra or a

missing pair

genetics is the

science of heredity

DNA (deoxyribonucleic

acid): contains genetic

codes and chromosomes

both dominant

and recessive genes

determine physical

and behavioral traits

genetic and chromosome

problems can cause

a variety of disorders

research

designs

nature refers to heredity and the influence of inherited

characteristics on personality, growth, intellect, social skills, etc.;

behavioral genetics is relatively new field that attempts

to identify genetic basis of behavior

nurture refers to influence of the environment on inherited

traits including parenting styles, socioeconomic status,

physical surroundings, etc.

most developmental psychologists agree that the most

likely explanation for most human development is based

on the interaction between nature and nurture

aside from egg and sperm, humans have

46 chromosomes in each cell of the body

individual gets 23 chromosomes from

mother's egg and 23 from father's sperm

most characteristics are determined by 22 such pairs (autosomes);

the last pair determines sex of the person (sex chromosomes)

nature and

Studying Human nurture

Development

(scientific study of changes that occur in people as they age)

Concept Map L.O. 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

Interactive

Reset