Psychology2016

Sexuality and Gender 403

Practice Quiz How much do you remember?

Pick the best answer.

1. The process by which people learn their culture’s preferences and
   expectations for male and female behavior is called
   a. gender role. c. gender typing.
   b. gender identity. d. gender stereotyping.


2. People whose sense of gender identity does not match their exter-
   nal biological appearance are known as
   a. intersex. c. hermaphrodites.
   b. homosexual. d. transgender.


3. Alex sees his mother mixing ingredients for a cake. Later, Alex takes
   a bowl and spoon out of the cabinet and pretends to mix some
   imaginary ingredients. Of which theory of gender development
   would this be a good example?
   a. gender schema theory
   b. psychoanalytic theory
   c. gender-role theory
   d. social learning theory
   4. Which theory of gender-role development places a heavy emphasis
   on the use of mental patterns?
   a. gender schema theory
   b. social learning theory
   c. psychoanalytic theory
   d. behavioral theory
   5. Karl is often perceived as strong and tough, but he also has been
   known to be sincere and loving. Karla is warm and kind but is also
   independent and assertive when necessary. Bem would classify
   such behavior as examples of
   a. androgyny. c. schema error.
   b. benevolent sexism. d. negative stereotyping.
   6. Studies show that women tend to use a _____ style to
   their conversation, while men use a ____ style.
   a. relate; report c. masculine; feminine
   b. report; relate d. androgynous; stereotypical

gender is defined as the psychological aspects

of being masculine or feminine and is influenced

by culture, individual personality, and self-identity

The Psychological Side of Human Sexuality: Gender

key concepts

gender roles: cultural behavioral expectations for males or females

gender typing: process by which people learn gender roles

gender identity: sense of being male or female (influenced by both biology and environment)

biological influences: sexual characteris-

tics of the genitals, hormonal differences,

and possible differences in brain structure

and processing

environmental influences: parental

influences and cultural expectations to

adhere to gender roles

culture: individualistic/nontraditional versus

collectivistic/traditional role adoption

social learning theory: gender roles learned through observation and imitation of models

gender schema theory (Bem): Piaget-like schemas and concepts for male and female

develop and influence gender roles

gender stereotyping: positive or negative characteristics assigned on basis of being

male or female; can lead to sexism (prejudice)

androgyny (based on Bem’s work): positive aspects of both males and females,

regardless of gender

theories of

gender-role

development

cognitive differences (e.g., listening skills) may be present but are possibly

due to psychological and social issues rather than biology

social and personality differences are often the result of stereotyped thinking about the sexes

gender

differences

Concept Map L.O. 10.3, 10.4, 10.5

Interactive

Reset