Psychology2016

482 CHAPTER 12

3. One of your friends tells you, “I didn’t like the environmental-awareness
   presentation today. First of all, it was too long, not to mention the per-
   son that gave it was drinking out of a polystyrene cup and drove away
   in a huge SUV.” What kind of processing might your friend be using?
   a. central-route processing
   b. peripheral-route processing
   c. cognitive-route processing
   d. visual-route processing


4. Kohanna thinks that everyone who smiles must always be happy,
   and those people who are quiet must be naturally shy. Such
   assumptions are the basis for
   a. stereotypes.
   b. implicit personality theory.
   c. attribution theory.
   d. attitudes.
   5. Caleb almost always shows up late for work. His friends attribute
   this to Caleb’s laziness. This is an example of a __ cause.
   a. situational c. dispensational
   b. dispositional d. superficial
   6. How might someone who unknowingly is committing the
   fundamental attribution error explain Stanley Milgram’s
   obedience study?
   a. Subjects in that study were highly influenced by the power
   of Milgram and his team.
   b. Subjects in that study desired a high degree of positive
   reinforcement.
   c. Subjects in that study wanted to be part of Milgram’s group.
   d. Subjects in that study must have been the kind of people that
   like to hurt others.

Social Interaction

Social influence and social cognition are two of three main areas included in the field of

social psychology. The third major area has to do with social interactions with others, or

the relationships between people, both casual and intimate. Social interactions include

prejudice and discrimination, liking and loving, and aggression and prosocial behavior.

Prejudice and Discrimination

12.10 Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination.

We’ve seen how stereotypes, a set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all

members of a particular social category or group, can be formed by using only superficial

information about that person or group of people. When a person holds an unsupported

and often negative stereotyped attitude about the members of a particular social group,

it is called prejudice. The video Are Stereotypes and Prejudices Inevitable? explains the con-

nection between stereotypes and prejudice.

prejudice
negative attitude held by a person
about the members of a particular
social grouR.

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Watch the Video Are Stereotypes and Prejudices Inevitable?