Psychology2016

The Science of Psychology 17

There are many other areas of specialization: Psychology can be used in fields such

as health; sports performance; legal issues; business concerns; and even in the design

of equipment, tools, and furniture. For a more detailed look at some of the areas in

which psychological principles can be applied and a listing of careers that can benefit

from a degree in psychology, watch the video Careers in Psychology and see to

Appendix B: Applied Psychology.

Psychiatric social workers help many kinds

and ages of people. The woman on the right

might be going through a divorce, dealing

with the loss of a spouse, or even recovering

from drug abuse.

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Watch the Video Careers in Psychology

Concept Map LO. 1.3, 1.4

Interactive Behavioralbased on early work

of Watson and later B. F. Skinner

Psychodynamic

based on Freud’s theory

Humanistic

two pioneers are Carl Rogers

and Abraham Maslow

Cognitive

has roots in

Gestalt psychology

focuses on the role of the unconscious mind and its influence on conscious behavior,

early childhood experiences, development of sense of self, and other motivations

Evolutionary focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how attractivenessinfluences mate selection, the universality of fear, and why we enjoy things like music and dance

focuses on how behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning

Biopsychological focuses on inhuman and animal behavior is seen as a direct result of events in the bodyfluences of hormones, brain structures and chemicals, disease, etc.;

focuses on human potential, free will, and possibility of self-actualization

Sociocultural focuses on the behavior of individuals as the result of the presence (real or imagined) of other individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a larger culture

focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes,

problem solving, language, and learning

The Field of Psychology Today: Modern Perspectives

(no one single perspective is used to explain all human behavior and processes)

Psychological Professionals and Areas of Specialization

(people working in the field of psychology have a variety of training experiences and different focuses)

medical doctor

who specializes in

diagnosis and treatment

of psychological

disorders; can prescribe

medication

psychiatrist

has training in area

of social work

(M.S.W.) and often

has a professional

license to practice

(L.C.S.W.)

psychiatric

social worker

has a doctorate degree (Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed.D.)

and works with either humans or animals in a

variety of settings based on the area of specialization

must be licensed to practice independently; typically

does not prescribe medications but can go through

specialized training to do so in a few states

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