552 CHAPTER 14
Practice Quiz How much do you remember?
Pick the best answer.
- How would the Greek physician Hippocrates have typically dealt
with someone suffering from mental illness?
a. He would have made a hole in the patient’s skull to release the
pressure, a process known today as trephining.
b. He would focus on correcting the imbalance of bodily fluids, or
humors.
c. He would have someone conduct the religious ritual known as
an exorcism.
d. He would have tried to understand the person’s unconscious
and the forces at work there. - Lisa has just been fired from her new job for consistently arriving
2 hours late for work. Lisa tries to explain that she must often drive
back home to ensure that all the doors are locked and that no
appliances have been left on. Lisa’s condition is abnormal from the
__ definition.
a. maladaptive
b. situational context
c. social deviance
d. subjective discomfort- In the United States, “insanity” is a term typically used by
a. psychologists.
b. psychiatrists.
c. the social work system.
d. the legal system.- Elliot became widowed after nearly 40 years of marriage. He has
convinced himself that no one will ever love him again. His irrational
thinking has caused him to suffer from depression, and he rarely
leaves his house. What perspective might best explain his behavior?
a. psychodynamic
b. cognitive
c. behavioral
d. biological- Which of the following concepts is not specifically associated with
the DSM-5 examination of culture-related disorders?
a. cultural syndrome
b. cultural idioms of distress
c. cultural explanations or perceived cause
d. cultural binding
psychopathology is the study of abnormal behavior and
various ways throughout history (e.g., possession, evil spirits,psychological dysfunction; mental illness has been defined incurrent definitions of abnormality are based on several factorsbodily imbalances)disorders vary according to culture; cultural sensitivity and
relativity are necessary in diagnosing and treating psychological disordersdistress, causes people to harm themselves or others, or harms their ability to function in daily lifeoverall, psychological disorders are any pattern of behavior or thinking that causes significantPsychological Disorders
what is abnormality?statistical or social norm
deviance
subjective discomfort
inability to function normallybiological model: proposes that psychological
disorders have a biological or medical cause;
the medical model also influences approaches
to diagnosis, treatment, and possible outcomes
for a given disorder
psychological models: propose
that disorders are the result of
various forms of emotional,
behavioral, or thought-related
malfunctioningsociocultural perspective: thinking and behavior
are the products of family, social, and cultural
influences; what is normal in one culture
may be abnormal in another
biopsychosocial perspective:
incorporates biological, psychological,
and sociocultural factorsICD-1 0DSM- 5RDoCmodels of abnormality
explanations for disordered thinking or
behavior depend on theoretical model
used to explain personality in generalpsychodynamic
behavioral
cognitive estimates may vary but it appears
more than 1 in 5 adults over age
18 in the United States suffer from
a mental disorder in a given year
(see Table 14.1); similar rates exist
worldwide and lifetime prevalence
may be as high as 36%
worldwide, many people do not
receive treatment; mental disorders
are one of the leading causes of
disability in the United States and
Canadadiagnosing and classifying disorderspotential new system of classifying
disorders using advances in
neuroimaging, genetics, and
cognitive scienceprevalence and impactthe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM) was first
published in 1952, current version
(DSM-5) published in 2013
describes and provides diagnostic criteria
for approximately 250 different psychological
disordersConcept Map L.O. 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
InteractiveReset