584 CHAPTER 14
Reality Therapies Applying Psychology to Everyday Life: Virtual
Worry Out of Exams
14.17 Identify some ways to overcome test anxiety.
- Test anxiety is the personal experience of possible negative
consequences or poor outcomes on an exam or evaluation.- Some ways to deal with test anxiety are to find an internal moti-
vation, develop strategies for studying and controlling your
emotional reactions, and focus on the positive rather than the
negative.
- Some ways to deal with test anxiety are to find an internal moti-
Test Yourself
Pick the best answer.
- What was the most likely reason that someone would perform an
exorcism?
a. to relieve fluid pressure on the brain
b. to look into the brain to see what was wrong
c. to release evil spirits
d. to restore balance to the body’s humors - In 1972, a jet carrying a rugby team from Peru crashed high in the
snow-covered Andes Mountains. Many of the players survived
for more than 2 months by eating the remains of those who died.
Psychologists justified their cannibalism because that was the
only way they could have survived so long without food. By what
definition might their behavior best be classified?
a. statistical
b. subjective discomfort
c. maladaptive
d. situational context- Which of the following is an example of cultural relativity?
a. Dr. Han believes that the voices his patient is hearing stem from
a biological instead of a psychological cause.
b. While Dr. Howard believes that hypnosis is the best way to
understand all disorders, his approach is not shared by his
colleagues.
c. While Dr. Akido knows that his patient, Aki, believes her anxiety
has a biological explanation, in learning more about her family
of origin, he suspects it has a psychological cause.
d. Dr. Roland uses a behavioral approach to treat all his clients
who are younger than age 10. - How many axes does the DSM-5 use to aid mental health
professionals in making a diagnosis?
a. one
b. two
c. four
d. five- Trypanophobia, also known as a fear of receiving an injection, is an
example of
a. obsession.
b. social phobia.
c. anxiety attack.
d. specific phobia.- Aaron hates to go to restaurants for fear that he will be seated in
the far back of the restaurant and be unable to get out in case
of an emergency. This may be a symptom of
a. social phobia.
b. specific phobia.
c. agoraphobia.
d. claustrophobia.- Ria experienced a sudden attack of intense fear when she was
boarding a plane with her friends to fly to Mexico for spring break.
Ria’s heart raced, she became dizzy, and she was certain she
would die in a plane crash if she boarded the plane. Subsequently
she did not go on her trip, and the plane arrived safely in Mexico
3 hours later. Ria experienced
a. a depressive episode.
b. a panic attack.
c. panic disorder.
d. agoraphobia.- Dr. Kirby has been meeting with 9-year-old Loren, whose family
lost everything in a tornado. In her initial visit, Loren was diagnosed
with acute stress disorder. During a 2-month follow-up with
Dr. Kirby, Loren is still exhibiting many of the same symptoms.
What should Dr. Kirby do?
a. Dr. Kirby will revise Loren’s diagnosis from ASD to posttraumatic
stress disorder.
b. Dr. Kirby will revise Loren’s diagnosis from ASD to generalized
anxiety disorder.
c. Dr. Kirby will continue treatment for acute stress disorder for at
least 6 months.
d. Dr. Kirby should tell Loren she is cured so as to speed her
recovery. - Survivors of natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy in 2012 may
experience higher incidences of
a. bipolar disorder.
b. posttraumatic stress
disorder.
c. personality disorders.
d. schizophrenia.- Calvin is terribly worried that his college education was wasted
when he doesn’t get his dream job. Furthermore, Calvin believes
he ruined his future when he did poorly in his job interview. Calvin
explains, “I had to ace the interview. It had to be perfect, and it
wasn’t!” How might a cognitive-behavioral psychologist classify this
distorted thought process?
a. magnification
b. overgeneralization
c. all-or-nothing thinking
d. minimization- Dissociative amnesia is different from retrograde amnesia because
a. dissociative amnesia is typically psychological in origin.
b. retrograde amnesia has been shown to not actually exist.
c. dissociative amnesia is caused by a physical blow to the head.
d. retrograde amnesia is caused by psychological trauma. - Depersonalization/derealization disorder is a type of dissociative
disorder that has been found to have possible __
foundations for the experience of detachment.
a. biological
b. psychodynamic
c. behavioral
d. cognitive- Which type of depression is the most common type of mood
disorder?
a. bipolar disorder
b. mania
c. seasonal affective disorder
d. major depressive disorder- Behavioral theorists link depression to ,
whereas social cognitive theorists point to .
a. distortions in thinking; learned helplessness
b. biological abnormalities; distortions in thinking
c. unconscious forces; learned helplessness
d. learned helplessness; distortions in thinking