Psychology2016

B-14 APPENDIX B

• Human factors is a type of I/O psychology in which the focus
  is on the way humans and machines interact with each other,
  designing or helping design the machines used by people in
  various science and industrial settings.
  B.8 Describe how the I/O field has evolved throughout
  its history.


• The I/O field began in the twentieth century with the appli-
  cation of psychological principles to hiring, management, and
  advertising.

Applying Psychology to Everyday Life: Techniques

Used by Sports Psychologists

B.9 Identify techniques used by sports

psychologists.

• Sports psychologists use many techniques to help athletes better
  their performances, including visualization, imagery, thought
  stopping, confidence training, relaxation training, and fostering
  team unity.

Test Yourself

Pick the best answer.

1. Which of the following professionals has a medical degree?
   a. clinical psychologist
   b. psychiatrist
   c. psychiatric social worker
   d. counseling psychologist


2. Elaine has always wanted to be a psychologist. She dreams
   of helping people with their problems and wants to become
   “Dr. Elaine.” However, she is not interested in conducting scientific
   research or in becoming a medical doctor. What type of degree
   would be best for Elaine to pursue?
   a. a master’s degree in psychology
   b. a Ph.D.
   c. a Psy.D.
   d. a master’s degree in social work


3. Dr. Troxell conducts scientific studies on topics such as the
   power of prejudice, attitude change, aggressive behavior,
   and interpersonal attraction in teenagers. Dr. Troxell’s area
   of specialization is most likely in _____ psychology.
   a. social
   b. personality
   c. comparative
   d. developmental


4. Dr. Cavendish is a _____ psychologist who conducts
   experiments using animals as her subjects. Her focus of study
   includes animal learning, memory, and even language.
   a. experimental
   b. comparative
   c. developmental
   d. social


5. What type of psychologist would be most likely to put together an
   antibullying program for middle school students?
   a. experimental
   b. clinical
   c. forensic
   d. educational
   6. In working with a professional athlete, what aspects of performance
   might a sports psychologist likely focus on?
   a. strength and agility training
   b. focus and relaxation
   c. memory and motivation
   d. perceptual and problem solving
   7. Dr. Lewis studies the topic of crowding. She often wonders why
   people can feel crowded in an elevator that has 8–10 people in it
   but not at a large sporting event where more than 2,000 people are
   present. What is Dr. Lewis’s specialty?
   a. developmental
   b. physiological
   c. social
   d. environmental
   8. Which type of psychologist is most concerned with maximizing job
   satisfaction in night-shift employees?
   a. industrial/organizational
   b. clinical
   c. forensic
   d. environmental
   9. Suzanne is working to redesign the controls for a new type of plane
   so that pilots can tell the difference between instruments in the
   dark just by the way each control feels. Suzanne is probably a(n)
   psychologist.
   a. industrial/organizational
   b. human factors
   c. experimental
   d. military
   10. Thought stopping, mental rehearsal, and focus training are some
   of the tools of the psychologist.
   a. experimental
   b. clinical
   c. sports
   d. military

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