x Contents
Territorial Outcomes in the Multipolar System,
1910–1945 118
Territorial Outcomes in Bipolar Systems 118
Territorial Outcomes in the Bipolar System,
1816–1848 118
Territorial Outcomes in the Bipolar System,
1871–1909 118
Territorial Outcomes in the Bipolar System,
1946–1991 118
Territorial Outcomes in Unipolar Systems 120
Territorial Outcomes in the Unipolar System,
1992–2016 120
Territorial Outcomes of Wars of Polar Powers—Qualitative
Assessment 120
Territorial Outcomes in Multipolar Systems 123
The Multipolar System, 1849–1870 124
The Crimean War (1853–1856) 124
The Seven Weeks’ War between Prussia and
Austria (1866) 124
The Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) 125
The Multipolar System, 1910–1945 125
The First World War (1914–1918) 126
The Second World War (1939–1945) 126
Territorial Outcomes in Bipolar Systems 127
The Bipolar System, 1946–1991 128
The U.S.-Korea War (1950–1953) 128
The U.S.-Vietnam War (1968–1975) 129
The Gulf War (1991) 130
Territorial Outcomes in Unipolar Systems 130
Territorial Outcomes at the End of the Polar Powers’
Wars against Afghanistan 131
“The Great Game” in Central Asia and the
Importance of Afghanistan 132
The First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842) 133
Why Did Britain Invade Afghanistan? 135
The Invasion 135
The Systemic Pressures for the British Pullout
from Afghanistan 135
The British Withdrawal from Afghanistan 136
The First Anglo-Afghan War and Its Consequences 136
The Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880) 137
Why Did Britain Invade Afghanistan? 137
The Invasion 137