Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

96

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

BLACK SEA

RED

SEA

CA SEASPIAN

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

PERSIAN

GULF

N

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 km

100 200 300 mi

Suez Canal

Elizavetopol

Kutaisi

Border of Russian Empire, c. 1885

RUSSIAN EMPIRE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

Kura

Ara

ks

Mode of travel

Land

Sea/river

Rail

Canakkale

Trabzon

Teheran

Rasht

Inebolu

Qazvin

Medina

Mecca

Yanbu

Suez (1858)

Ismailiyya

Izmir

Tiflis

Istanbul Sinop

Giresun

Ordu

Samsun

Enzeli

Astara

Alexandria

Jeddah

Port Said

Baku

(1883)

Batumi

Map 5. Hajj route through Russian lands followed by Persian subject Hosayn Farahani,
1 885–1886