Index 237Lord Jim (Joseph Conrad), 7
Loris-Melikov, M. T., 60 – 61
Ludden, David, 73
mahmal (ceremonial palanquin), 27 , 28
Mamluks, 27
mapping the hajj, 48, 54 – 55, 70 – 85; use of
passports for, 23, 36, 38 – 39, 70, 72 – 73, 83
Marjani, Shihabetdin, 54
Mashhad: Russian consulate, 48; Shiʿi holy
sites, 43 – 44, 201 n 7
Massell, Gregory, 160
McChesney, Robert, 202 n 33
Mecca, 10, 18, 44, 50 , 82; holy sites, 27, 49 – 52,
62 ; Muslim Russian officials in, 70; sharif
of, 47 – 48, 80; as site of anticolonial political
agitation, 8, 160 – 61, 186. See also routes to
Mecca
medical examinations, 98 – 99
Medina, 10, 18, 48, 50 , 82; holy sites, 27, 49 – 52,
62 ; religious study in, 49
Menshikov, M. O., 148 – 49
Metcalf, Barbara, 51
migrations, 11 – 12, 185; influence on imperial
policies, 45, 49, 84 – 85
Ministry of Finance, 132
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 22, 25, 35 – 37, 57,
64, 66, 67 – 69, 84, 100 – 101, 204 n 74; reports
on hajj traffic, 77 – 82, 87
Ministry of Internal Affairs, 55, 66 – 67, 83, 84,
86 – 87, 92, 108, 134, 142; removal of Saidaz-
imbaev, 146; “Report on the Hajj, Its Mean-
ing, and Measures for Organizing It,” 88; on
request to close Odessa to pilgrims, 140; and
steamship service, 100 – 102, 110, 119, 147;
support for hajj director’s plan, 131
Ministry of Trade, 92, 110, 116, 119, 133 – 34,
142, 147
Ministry of Transport, 92, 110 – 11, 125, 151
Ministry of War, 82
mobility revolution: global, 6 – 7; in nine-
teenth-century Russia, 11, 90 – 92
Moscow, 153
Mt. Arafat, 8
Muslim Bolsheviks, 161
Muslim clergy, 38, 106, 181
Muslim customs and cultural norms, 95,
97 – 98, 112 – 13, 125, 175
Muslim “fanaticism,” 21, 44, 48, 64, 108, 148
Muslim press, 123, 142 – 45, 150
Muslims, in Russia, 2 – 3, 18, 43, 47, 184 – 86;
discontent with unequal treatment, 142 – 45,
147; as Duma representatives, 121 – 22,
127 – 28, 143, 144, 211 n 5; integration into
empire, 3, 5 – 6, 21 – 24, 44, 48 – 49, 61, 67, 74,
84 – 85; migrations, 11 – 12; political activity,
143, 145; recruited as officials and special
agents, 37, 106 – 7, 131, 204 n 74; scholarship
on, 4 – 5, 11 – 13. See also elites
Muslim Tatars, 50, 78, 161Najaf, 48; Shiʿi holy sites, 43, 83, 201 n 7
Naval Ministry, 101, 104
Neidgardt, A. I., 37
Nelidov, A. I., 67 – 69, 83
Nesselrode, Karl, 22, 37, 42, 44
New Russia, 65
Nicholas II, 86, 89, 118
Niedermiller, A. G., 133
NKID (Commissariat of Foreign Affairs),
160 – 63, 166, 177 – 81; Near East
Division, 173October Manifesto, 120, 130 – 31, 143
Odessa: as central port for hajj traffic, 47 – 48,
54, 65 – 66, 88; Jewish population, 66, 134,
140 – 41; khadzhikhane on Primorskii
Boulevard, 166 – 67; Port Pilgrimage Com-
mission, 119; quarantine port, 98 ; Russian
conquest of, 46; sanitary facilities, 98 – 99; as
state-sanctioned port for hajj traffic, 124 – 27,
145; steamship service, 91, 93, 102, 114 – 16,
122, 149 – 50
Odessa hajj complex (khadzhikhane), 131 – 45,
136 – 39 , 148 , 150, 167; Muslim press on, 123,
142 – 45; pilgrims forced into, 140 – 46
Odesskii listok, 135 – 40
OGPU (Soviet state security service), 163,
170 – 71, 179 – 82
“On the Sea Transport of Hajj Pilgrims from
the Soviet Union to the Hejaz and Back”
(Soviet law), 176
Orenburg, 51. See also Tashkent-Oren-
burg-Odessa railroad
Orenburg Muhammadan Ecclesiastical Assem-
bly, 5, 13