Index 239129 – 30, 147; pilgrims’ choice of, 4, 38,
49 – 51, 88, 164; restrictions on, 108 – 9; sea
routes, 38; secret routes through Afghanistan
and India (old land routes), 72, 81, 83, 86,
88, 92, 100 – 101, 130, 153; through Central
Europe, 153 – 54, 155 ; through India, 169,
172; through Ottoman lands, 22 – 23, 47;
through Syria, 29 – 41, 45 – 46; through the
Caucasus, 21, 88. See also Black Sea routes;
itineraries
“Rules on the Transport by Ship of Muslim
Pilgrims from Black Sea Ports to the Hejaz
and Back,” 119, 130
Russian consulates, 13, 20, 48, 90; in Aleppo,
35, 41; along Orthodox pilgrim routes,
207 n 6; in areas of strategic interest, 42 – 43,
46; in Beirut, 24 – 25; in Bombay, 48,
100 – 101; in Damascus, 35 – 41; financial
assistance to poor hajj pilgrims, 59 – 61,
63 – 65, 203 n 43; in Jeddah, 46, 48, 68 – 79, 88,
93, 102, 116; in Mecca (proposed), 42 – 44,
46; services to hajj pilgrims in Syria, 31 – 41.
See also mapping the hajj
Russian Empire, 1 – 2; archives, 15; borders, vi,
12 – 13, 49, 84 – 85, 91, 215 n 2; collapse of,
164; emigration, 56; imperial conquests, 18;
industrialization, 90 – 92; institutionalization
of Islam, 5, 194 n 9; interests in Syria, 25, 30;
migration patterns, 11 – 12, 49; moderniza-
tion, 3, 47, 90 – 92; political instability, 101;
religious toleration policy, 1, 9, 22, 43, 61,
64 – 65, 131, 148; scholarship on, 4 – 5, 11 – 13;
security measures, 23; travel restrictions, 55.
See also hajj infrastructure; hajj sponsorship
Russian Orthodox Church: and the Capitula-
tions, 34; in Jerusalem, 26; privileged status
of, 1, 19, 88, 92, 108, 121 – 22, 131, 185; and
Putin, 184
Russian Orthodox pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
19, 25 – 26, 48, 68; privileged treatment, 99,
144 – 45, 147; Russian state sponsorship,
87 – 88, 91, 106, 110; steamship service, 93
Russian Political Agency, 193 n 1
Russian Steamship Company. See ROPiT
Russian subjects, extraterritorial privileges of,
17, 20, 34, 40, 76
Russo-British rivalries, 91, 101, 149, 156,
160 – 61, 167
Russo-Japanese War, 128
Russo-Ottoman trade agreement (1783), 77
Russo-Ottoman War (1877 – 78), 61Safarov, Sabirzhan, 13, 93 – 94, 102, 116, 141
Saidazimbaev, Said Gani, 123 ; appointment
and removal as hajj director, 120 – 21, 146;
family background, 123 – 24; hajj plan and
Odessa complex, 124 – 36, 140 – 48, 167;
legacy, 147 – 48; reputation, 150 – 51; Tashkent
“Muslim station” (musulʹmanskii vokzal),
126, 132, 146; Volunteer Fleet contract, 122,
128 – 29, 133, 141 – 42, 144, 146 – 47, 150
Samara, 132; railway station, 124
Samarkand railway station, 118
Sanitary Conference on the Mecca
Pilgrimage, 75
sanitary rules and procedures, 114, 117, 119,
126, 132 – 33; inspection of, 180; medical
examinations, 98 – 99. See also disinfection;
KOMOCHUM; quarantine facilities
sanitary threats, 9, 48, 55 – 56, 67, 74 – 75, 121,- See also cholera outbreaks; infectious
diseases
Saudi Arabia, 162, 171; annual hajj quotas,
183 – 84, 218 n 2; control of hajj, 49, 173
Schuyler, Eugene, 124
security threats, 38 – 39, 63, 67
Seniavin, L. G., 44
services for hajj pilgrims, 14 – 15, 59 – 79, 72 – 73.
See also Russian consulates
Sevastopol, 54, 88, 93, 99, 102; lodging house
(khadzhilar-sarai), 111; steamship service,
111 – 12, 114, 145, 149 – 50
shamail prints, 8 , 10 , 50 , 50 – 51, 62
Shamil, Imam, 38
Shiʿi Muslims, 2, 171; holy sites, 43 – 44, 48, 83,
201 n 7
Sinkiang, 161 – 62; Chinese pilgrims from,
175 – 76; hajj brokers, 167 – 68; Soviet consul-
ate, 163
Sipiagin, D. S., 100, 105
socialist revolution, 105; spread of, 158 – 60,
178, 182, 218 n 89
Society for the Transport of Muslim Pilgrims,
150
Sokolov, D. M., 82
Soviet-British rivalries, 167