Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

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Map 3. Hajj route followed by caravan from Kazikumukh in the North Caucasus,

183 9–1841

RED

SEA

PERSIAN

GULF

N

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 km

100 200 300 mi

Hajj route used by 20-man caravan from Kazikumukh, 1839–1841

Syrian hajj route

Egyptian hajj route Border of Russian Empire, c.^1840

.

Trabzon

Izmit

Aleppo

CAIRO

DAMASCUS

MEDINA

MECCA

Yanbu

Homs

Erzurum

Tiflis

CONSTANTINOPLE

Alexandria

Beirut

Wajdh

Jeddah

Kumukh

Derbent

BLACK SEA

CASPIAN

SEA

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

R USSIAN EMPIRE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

R USSIAN EMPIRE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

Baghdad

Kars

Aksehirç

Konya

Adana

Antioch [Antakya]

Maan

Suez

Tabuk

Aqaba