A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 149- If there is a focus NP which is [4-WH], then assign it to the
PCS.
(138) Linking from Syntactic Structure to Logical Structure (Final ver
sion)
- Ascertain the voice of a transitive verb:
a. If it is active, the pivot is an actor.
b. If it is passive, the pivot is an undergoer; the actor may
appear in the periphery marked by an adposition or an
oblique case, as in English by. - Retrieve the LS of the predicate in the nucleus from the lex
icon and with respect to it execute steps (1) and (2) from
137 above, subject to the following proviso:
a. When there is more than one choice for the undergoer,
execute steps (b) and (c) below instead of assigning under-
goerhood.
b. With respect to the LS, execute step (1) from (137) and
determine actor only.
With respect to the sentence being analyzed, determine
the semantic roles of the non-macrorole core arguments
from their case marking/adposition; if the non-macrorole
core argument is marked by a locative adposition, link it
with the first argument position in the state predicate in
the LS; otherwise, link it to the second argument position. - Link actor with actor, undergoer with undergoer, remaining
semantic role(s) with remaining semantic role(s). - In non-subordinate core junctures:
a. If there is a fully linked syntactic representation but an
unlinked argument in the embedded LS, the theory of
control determines which core argument of the matrix
core is associated with the unlinked argument position in
the embedded LS.
b. If, for a direct core argument in the matrix core, there is
no argument position in the LS of the verb corresponding
to the argument type posited in step 1, then ignore that
assignment and link it to the argument position in the
embedded LS which would be pivot as signalled by the
voice of the verb as determined in step 1.