Advances in Role and Reference Grammar

252 WILLIAM H. JACOBSEN, JR.

Here "go to" is treated much like a preposition. Con­

trast:

(132:15)

paddle-DUR-lsG night - -lsG Huchuktlis land-ART

"I was paddling at night and I reached the Huchuktlis country".

Another such instance is the following:

(134:19)

say-lsG crawl-REP four times crawl-

"[quotation] I said in the crawling dance; four times I danced it".

10. Subordination

We turn now to subordination. This occurs when a clause or core is embed­

ded in another clause. Markings for this are quite well developed in

Nootka. The predominant type for clausal subordination is by means of a

suffixal paradigm on the predicate, indicating the pronominal category of

its subject. This predicate comes first in its clause, and may be followed by

any arguments that it takes (some of which may in turn be subordinations).

The subordinate clause may play a role as a core or peripheral argument in

the higher clause, depending on its specific properties. Its illocutionary

force (if any) is also separate from that of the main clause. Representatives

of six of these subordinate paradigms occur in our sample, which we may

briefly take up in turn.

10.1 Subordinate

The Subordinate paradigm, with third person ending -qa\ (18 occurrences,

12 of them with subordinating particle 2ani) acts as a complementizer, so

that clauses subordinated with it are objects, generally of verbs of cogni­

tion, perception, or communication:

(23:1)

think-FiN-3 urinate in house-poss-suB-3 husband

"she thought that her husband had urinated".

The subordinate form of a preposition, 2uhqa\ occurs in the above exam­

ple from 24:1 (section 8).