300 JULIA A. JOLLY
activity contexts in sentences (61) and (62), where the only +volitional is
unacceptable.
(61) *John heard the siren with Mary.
(62) John listened to a record with Mary.
The unacceptability of sentence (61) would seem to support an analysis of
(59a) which limits the scope of the DO operator to one agent, as in (59c)
and (59d). Where DO is not present in the LS to differentiate the roles of
the two effectors (i.e., in a -volitional activity), both arguments must be
specified as syntactic subject (e.g., John and Mary heard the siren).2.6.2.3 Themes which Φ U
Non-predicative with is specified in two final sets of contexts marking
themes which do not occur as Undergoer: (1) in "split conjunct" situations
where two themes are identified, one positionally defined as U and one pre-
positionally marked (see (63) below); and (2) in the load-spray contexts,
where the theme can be positionally specified as U or prepositionally
marked. The theme-marking functions of with are dependent upon the pre
sence of the semantic structure of to. That is, with can only mark themes in
contexts which include [BECOME stative'] in LS.
(63) a. John served his guests the entree with the soup.
b. [do' (John)] CAUSE [BECOME have' (guests, entree/
soup)]
In sentence (63), the themes are differentiated as U — entree — and non-U
— soup — by sentence position and prepositional marking. This analysis
assumes an identical structure for sentence (64) where the themes are con
joined.
(64) John served his guests the entree and the soup.
As stated earlier, there appears to be a difference in the salience of entree
and soup in the two sentences. However, a definitive resolution of this
problem is beyond the scope of our analysis.
In the accomplishment situations, with impact verbs — exemplified by
the all too familiar load-spray sentences — with again marks a theme which
is not U, as in sentence (65).
(65) a. John loaded the truck with hay.
b. [do' (John)] CAUSE [BECOME be-at' (truck, hay)]
A sentence in which the theme = U and the locative is prepositionally