ARGUMENT LINKING IN DERIVED NOMINALS 429
Parentheses are used here to reflect the idiosyncratic preclusion of A's vN with
some of the Type D nominals. Although these nominals generally take prenomi-
nal possessive As, they are idiosyncratically prevented from doing so in certain
cases. For example, Type D vNs which have either an ACT LS or an ACM LS
which includes an ACT component frequently have an accumulated-action (cf. 1.2
for definition) or a result interpretation. With those that do not, A's νNis not per
mitted. This is the case with ACT avoidance and ACM draining: Joe's avoidance/
draining was uncalled for. With such vNs, the direct argument must be included in
the vNP to induce the grammatical process reading: Joe's avoidance of Sam was
uncalled for; Joe's draining of the water from the pool was uncalled for.
Interference from a different class-sense in cases where a vN is a member of
more than one V/vN class may also render A's vN ungrammatical. Recognition,
which is an ACH with an EXP=A and a TH=U in the (i) constructions below,
but an ACM with an EF=A and a PAT=U in the (ii) constructions, is an exam
ple,
(i) Recognition (ACH LS): Type D Pattern of Preposing in Table 1
a. s[JoeA recognized SamU immediately, in spite of the many years which
had passed since they had last seen each other. ]
b. vNp[joe'sA recognition of SamU dir.arg] surprised Sue.
c. Joe'sA recognition surprised Sue.
d. Sam's≠ACH.U recognition (by JoeA) surprised Sue.
(ii) Recognition (ACM LS): Type Pattern of Preposing in Table 1
a. s[The ArmyA recognized SamU for his bravery.]
b. vNP[The Army'sA recognition of SamU dir..arg. delighted Sue.
vNP[Sam'sU recognition (by the Army)] delighted Sue.
d. The Army'sA recognition delighted Sue.
Although only the EXP=A can occur prenominally in the ACH examples (cf. ib),
it cannot retain an ACH EXP=A interpretation in the absence of the direct argu
ment U, but takes an ACM PAT=U interpretation, as in (iic). In fact, where no
context is provided, A's recognition of U is ambiguous between an ACH and
ACM reading: the old banker's recognition of the young employee can mean that
the banker perceived who the employee was from a past encounter (ACH), or it
can mean that the banker overtly acknowledged the performance of the employee
(ACM).
Because the idiosyncratic nature of such restrictions on A's vN can be
accounted for in terms such as those identified above, vNPs exhibiting such
restrictions, but otherwise following the preposing pattern indicated for Type D
vNs in Table 1 are included in that group.
For most speakers, the Uloc arguments of two-argument entry and entrance cannot
be marked as direct arguments, but must be marked as indirect arguments,
instead (cf. 2.3.2.2). Because the preposing behavior of these vNs patterns with
the Type D nominals, however, they are included here.
In encoding only the state created/induced by the action or event denoted by the
verb, these nominals resemble certain verb forms in Georgian. See Van Valin