Chapter 4. Where and what is (t,d)? 133
would require more data on other terms in the contrastive symbolic system and
on the wider context. Ultimately the choice of model depends on the preference of
the analyst, subject to the data. However, the exploration of some of these avenues
with naturalistic data would provide opportunities for further advances in the
interaction between sociophonetics and phonetic and phonological theory, and
provide a better motivated model to serve as a foundation for the exploration of
the social indexicality of these consonants.
References
Barry, Martin C. 1985. “A palatographic study of connected speech processes”. Cambridge Papers
in Phonetics and Experimental Linguistics 4. 1–16.
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2010a. “Currently available data on English t/d-deletion fail to refute
the classical modular feedforward architecture of phonology”. 18th Manchester Phonology
Meeting, Manchester, 20th–22nd May 2010. http://www.bermudez-otero.com/18mfm.pdf
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2010b. “Morphologically conditioned phonetics? Not proven!” On
Linguistic Interfaces (OnLI) II, Belfast, University of Ulster, 2nd December 2010. http://
http://www.bermudez-otero.com/belfast-handout.pdf
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo & Graeme Trousdale. 2011. “Pathways of phonological change”.
http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/001235
Bladon, R. Anthony, Caroline Henton & Brian Pickering. 1984. “Towards an auditory theory of
speaker normalization”. Language and Communication 4. 59–69.
DOI: 10.1016/0271-5309(84)90019-3
Broadbent, Judith M. 1999. “A new approach to the representation of coronal segments”. Issues
in Phonology: Papers from an International Workshop ed. by Stephen J. Hannahs & Mike
Davenport, 1–25. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Browman, Catherine & Louis M. Goldstein. 1990. “Tiers in articulatory phonology, with some
implications for casual speech”. Papers in Laboratory Phonology I. Between the Grammar
and Physics of Speech ed. by John Kingston & Mary E. Beckman, 341–376. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Buizza, Emanuela. 2010. “Frication and affrication of /t/ in RP English”. Language at the Univer-
sity of Essex (LangUE) 2010 Proceedings ed. by Z. Absi, M. Althobaiti, V. Heyer, M. Ogawa,
C. Patterson, & T. Soultatis, 16–28. http://www.essex.ac.uk/langling/conferences/langue/
Buizza, Emanuela. 2011. “/t/ lenition in RP English spontaneous speech”. 8th UK Conference on
Language Variation and Change, Edge Hill, 14th September 2011.
Bybee, Joan L. 2002. “Word frequency and the context of use in the lexical diffusion of phoneti-
cally conditioned sound change”. Language Variation and Change 14. 261–290.
DOI: 10.1017/S0954394502143018
Coetzee, Andrees & Joe Pater. 2011. “The place of variation in phonological theory”. The Hand-
book of Phonological Theory ed. by John A. Goldsmith, Jason Riggle & Alan Yu, 401–434.
Oxford: Blackwell. DOI: 10.1002/9781444343069.ch13
Crowdy, Steve. 1995. “The BNC spoken corpus”. Spoken English on Computer: Transcription,
Mark-up and Applications ed. by Greg Myers, Geoffrey N. Leech & Jenny Thomas, 224–235.
Harlow: Longman.