30 Advances in spoken discourse analysis
IX Listing
Occasionally teachers withhold evaluation until they get two or three
answers. Sometimes they are making sure that more than one person
knows the answer, sometimes they have asked a multiple question. In
this case the structure is exactly the same as for Re-initiation (ii),
IRF(Ib)RF(Ib)RF, but the realization of two of the elements is different.
Ib is only realized by nomination and the F preceding Ib contains no
evaluation.
X Reinforce
Very occasionally in the tapes there is a bound exchange following a
teacher direct. Bound exchanges occur when the teacher has told the
class to do something and one child is slow or reluctant or hasn’t fully
understood. The structure is IRIbR, with the Ib realized by a clue, prompt
or nomination. In the following example a West Indian boy has misunderstood
the directive.
XI Repeat
In every communicative situation there will be times when someone does
not hear. There are no examples in our tapes of a child admitting to not
hearing but teachers do so quite frequently. Thus instead of feedback following