Advances in the Study of Bilingualism

154 Part 4: Bilingual Education

Table 7.6 Nine fold classroom language arrangement compared with age group of pupils

Language Arrangement (LA) Age Group (AG) Total

3–7

years

7–11

years

11–14

years

14–16

years

16–18
years
Monolingual L1
Welsh

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

4

80.0%

23.5%

0

0.0%

0.0%

1

20.0%

4.2%

0

0.0%

0.0%

0

0.0%

0.0%

5
100.0%
5.0%
Monolingual L2
Welsh

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

2

100.0%

11.8%

0

0.0%

0.0%

0

0.0%

0.0%

0

0.0%

0.0%

0

0.0%

0.0%

2

100.0%

2.0%

Monolingual
mixed L1/L2

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

3

21.4%

17.6%

7

50.0%

25.0%

2

14.3%

8.3%

1

7.1%

4.3%

1

7.1%

12.5%

14
100.0%
14.0%
Translanguaging N Lessons
% within LA
% within AG

1

5.6%

5.9%

9

50.0%

32.1%

4

22.2%

16.7%

2

11.1%

8.7%

2

11.1%

25.0%

18
100.0%
18.0%
Translation for
the whole
class

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

1

5.9%

5.9%

2

11.8%

7.1%

6

35.3%

25.0%

6

35.3%

26.1%

2

11.8%

25.0%

17

100.0%

17.0%

Translation –
subject-
related
terminology

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

0

0.0%

0.0%

2

14.3%

7.1%

6

42.9%

25.0%

5

35.7%

21.7%

1

7.1%

12.5%

14

100.0%

14.0%

Translation for
L2 learner

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

5

45.5%

29.4%

3

27.3%

10.7%

0

0.0%

0.0%

3

27.3%

13.0%

0

0.0%

0.0%

11

100.0%

11.0%

Combinations of
concurrent
two language
use

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

1

7.1%

5.9%

3

21.4%

10.7%

3

21.4%

12.5%

6

42.9%

26.1%

1

7.1%

12.5%

14

100.0%

14.0%

Teacher’s
response to
language
input of the
pupil

N Lessons

% within LA

% within AG

0

0.0%

0.0%

2

40.0%

7.1%

2

40.0%

8.3%

0

0.0%

0.0%

1

20.0%

12.5%

5

100.0%

5.0%

Total N Lessons
% within LA
% within AG

17

17.0%

100.0%

28

28.0%

100.0%

24

24.0%

100.0%

23

23.0%

100.0%

8

8.0%

100.0%

100

100.0%

100.0%