Conclusion
In this chapter, we presented a new paradigm in testing cross-language
grammatical activation in highly proficient early bilinguals. We examined
Welsh-English bilinguals and English monolinguals in their anticipation of
syntactic violations in English, and found evidence that Welsh syntax is co-
activated with English syntax in bilingual participants. Activation of Welsh
syntax was indicated by the fact that bilingual participants were better able
to anticipate an adjective in post-noun position than their monolingual
peers. Our results, obtained in an all-in-English context, provide support for
the hypothesis that the bilingual mind has spontaneous, implicit access to
the grammars of both languages.
230 Part 5: The Bilingual Brain