NameSection3.3 Phonological Rules 3: Tohono O'odham
In Tohono O'odham, a Native American language belonging to the Uto-Aztecan
family, the sounds d and S are variants of the sounds r and S, respectively. That is,
r and S are basic and d and S are derived. The d is a voiced retroflex stop
consonant, and the S is a voiceless retroflex fricative. The complete list of Tohono
O'odham speech sounds contains /p, t, k, ?, b, d, d, g, h, j, 1, m, fi, n, r, S, S,
W (v), y, C, a, i, i, o, U, a:, i:, i:, o:, U:/. The phonetic symbol t' is a high back
unrounded vowel. The Tohono O'odham use the symbol e to write this sound
since the Tohono O'odham language does not have a mid front vowel (English
/e~/ and /E/).
Examine the Tohono O'odham forms listed below and answer questions A-C.
Instructions for writing phonological rules are found in appendixes 1 and 2.Tohono O'odham form- Yaridt
- so:m
- kudut
- si:pij
- tadaj
- ?arik
- ?idapi
- hi:kas
- wudaii
- wudo
- masad
- kuso
- sosa
- si:s
- bidk
- widut
- ma:kis
- bisE
- huduii
- kiriw
- mirifi
- sa:d
English gloss
"had a baby"
"sew"
"bother"
"younger brother, cousin"
"his/her/its foot"
"to be a baby"
"gut, remove entrails"
"cut"
"tie it!, rope it!"
"untie"(^6 6) moon," "month"
"back of neck"
(^66) mucous," "cried"
"younger brother"
"will be mud"
"swing" (verb)
"gift, something given"
"sneeze"
"evening"
"shuck object"
"run!"
"herd, shoo"