94 Chapter 3 Lexical categories
(106) a. Dhokter jiya mareksa dhokter juwa.
doctor this AV.examine doctor that
‘This doctor examined that doctor.’
b. Kapala-na ma-saleng-pareksa ter-dhokter juwa.
head-DEF AV.CS-DIST-examine RED-doctor that
‘The head made the doctors examine each other.’
In the word masalengpareksa, the reciprocal marker saleng combines with the
root pareksa ‘examine’ prior to affixation of the causative morpheme. Alterna-
tively, saleng can cliticize to the verb after the causative morpheme has been
affixed. So, (106b) can be expressed as:
(107) Kapala-na saleng ma-pareksa ter-dhokter juwa.
head-DEF DIST AV.CS-examine RED-doctor that
‘The head made the doctors examine each other.’
The interaction of clitics and the causative morpheme is detailed further in
Chapter 4 section 2.
Current spelling conventions separate clitics from the elements they clitic-
ize to in most cases, thus in (107) saleng appears as an independent word. A
notable exception is the clitic form of ‘one’ sa, as in (108), as distinct from the
clitic form of ‘two’ dhu, which is written as a separate word (109).
(108) Sengko' melle sakothak po'lot.
I AV.buy one.box pencil
‘I bought one box of pencils.’
(109) Sengko' melle dhu kothak po'lot.
I AV.buy two box pencil
‘I bought two boxes of pencils.’
In the past, the prepositional clitics e ‘at’ and ka ‘to’ and the word to which they
cliticized were treated as a single lexical unit, as in the examples in (110), the
first of which comes from a text from the early part of the 20th century (van den
Broek 1913) and the second of which comes from another text from the same
era (Keizer, n.d.).^3
(^3) While the original published texts use the Kiliaan orthography, the examples in (110)
are given in the modern orthography for ease of exposition. The examples in (i) provide
the original orthography.
(i) a. Ano apa băqna edinnaq?
b. Kaoelă sakalangkong terroèpon sè èntara karoma sakèq.