112 Chapter 4 Morphology
As described in Chapter 3 section 1.3.2, -na is suffixed to the adjective in
the intensive construction (51), ce' Adj-na.
(51) penter ‘smart’ ce' penterra ‘very smart’
raja ‘large’ ce' rajana ‘very large’
pote ‘white’ ce' potena ‘very white’
kene' ‘small’ ce' kene'eng ‘very small’ (Bangkalan dialect only)
Note that in the Bangkalan dialect the allomrph -eng surfaces following a stem
final glottal stop, providing further indication that the affix in this construction
is the definite marker -na.
1.2.2 Result nominals with -an, /an/
The suffix -an occurs in a number of nominalizing circumfixes. Used alone, it
affixes to verb roots to derive result nominals, i.e. nouns describing the result of
the action of the verb.
(52) massa' ‘cook’ massa'an ‘cooked food’
toles ‘write’ tolesan ‘handwriting’
enom ‘drink’ enoman ‘drink’
sassa ‘wash clothes’ sassa'an ‘laundry’
pekker ‘think’ pekkeran ‘thought/idea’
1.2.3 Nominal ka-...-an, /ka...an/
The circumfix ka-...-an, which can derive adversative predicates as described in
section 1.1.6, derives two types of nouns: abstract nominals and locative nouns.
With many verbs and adjectives, the result of affixing ka-...-an is an abstract
nominal.
(53) badha ‘exist’ kabadha'an ‘existence’
toron ‘descend’ katoronan ‘descendents’
daddi ‘become’ kadaddiyan ‘occurrence’
bagus ‘good’ kabagusan ‘goodness’
sossa ‘sad’ kasossa'an ‘sadness’
penter ‘smart’ kapenterran ‘intelligence’
However, when affixed to particular nouns and verbs, ka-...-an derives
locative nouns that denote a place where a noun belongs or a place for doing the
action of the verb.