116 Chapter 4 Morphology
(64) kothak ‘box’ sakothak ‘one box’
cangker ‘cup’ sacangker ‘one cup’
polo ‘tens’ sapolo ‘ten’
The forms in (63) can therefore actually be interpreted in three ways, and can
also simply mean ‘one house’, ‘one village’, and so on.
1.2.9 sa- in nominalizations
Directly related to the use of sa- described in the preceding section, sa- can
combine with nominalized verbs and adjectives to derive nominals that function
like subordinating conjunctions introducing adverbial clauses. Some derivations
are given in (65) and two examples in (66).
(65) mare ‘finish’ samarena ‘after finishing’
dhateng ‘come’ sadhatengnga ‘after coming’
tedhung ‘sleep’ satedhungnga ‘after sleeping’
pote ‘white’ sapotena ‘after X is white’
bassa ‘broken’ sabassana ‘after X is broken’
(66) a. Sa-dhateng-nga Siti, Ita mangkat.
one-come-DEF Siti Ita leave
‘After Siti came, Ita left.’
b. Sa-labu-na, aba'eng entar dha' Sorbaja.
one-fall-DEF he go to Surabaya
‘After falling, he went to Surabaya.’
This adverbial construction is discussed in more detail in conjunction with other
adverbial clauses in Chapter 12.
Sa- in its meaning of ‘all’ also occurs with a small number of nominalized
verbs.
(67) edhing ‘hear’ sangedhingnga ‘all that he hears’
oneng ‘know’ saonengnga ‘all that he knows’
jawap ‘answer’ sajawabba ‘all that he answers’
While the adverbial-type construction in (65) is very productive, this use is rela-
tively circumscribed.
Sa- also occurs sporadically with result nominals (equipped with the -an
suffix) or verbs, adjectives or nouns in combination with the -an suffix.