178 Chapter 6 Clause types
(155) Jakarta ce' me-ramme-na.
Jakarta very RED-noisy-DEF
‘Jakarta is very noisy.’
- Pronouns take a specific referent, and they, too can be subjects.
(156) Sengko' a-dungeng-a pole.
I AV-story-IRR again
‘I’m going to tell another story.’
(157) Ba'na mangkat dha' Blambangan.
you leave to Blambangan
‘You go to Blambangan.’
- As illustrated in (153a) and below in (158) and (159), nouns affixed with the
definite suffix -na can be subjects.
(158) Red-mored-da noles sorat ka presiden.
RED-student-DEF AV.write letter to president
‘The students wrote letters to the president.’
(159) Kothag-ga neng baba-na meja.
box-DEF at under-DEF table
‘The box is under the table.’
- Nouns occurring with a demonstrative are specific and can be subjects.
(160) Kopi reya ce' nyama-na.
coffee this very delicious-DEF
‘This coffee is really tasty.’
(161) Embi' juwa ngekke' Ale'.
goat that AV.bite yngr.sibling
‘That goat bit Little Brother.’
- Possessed nouns are specified, as the possessor is assumed to be specific.
(162) Bengko-na Pa' Tono neng Sampang.
house-DEF Mr Tono at Sampang
‘Pak Tono’s house is in Sampang.’