192 Chapter 7 Nominals and noun phrases
(48) Lamba' k-oca'-eng dungeng neng Tonjung jiya, badha ana'-eng
before KA-say-DEF story at Tonjung this exist child-DEF
po-seppo-wa kampong se a-nyama Tandha Serrat.
RED-old-DEF village REL AV-name Tandha Serrat
‘Long ago, they say, in Tonjung, there was a child in the village called
Tandha Serrat.’
Similar to the contrasts in demonstratives, there is a two-way distinction
in deictic locatives.
(49) proximal: dhinna', dhiya, dhinto, iya', jadhiya, kanja
distal: dhissa, dhissa', issa, kassa
The use of these is illustrated in (50-53)
(50) Bapa'-eng olle mole, ya tape ba'eng neng dhinna' gallu ya.
father-DEF get go.home, yes but you at here before yes
‘Your father can go home, but you must stay here.’
(51) Iya' neng Jaba temor otama-na, la bannya' noro' dha'
here at Java east mainly-DEF already many AV.follow to
Pangeran Cakranengrat kapeng empa'.
Pangeran Cakranengrat ORD four
‘Most of the people in East Java support Pangeran Cakranengrat IV.’
(52) E jadhiya kennengngan juru konce narema tamoy.
at here place guide AV.receive guest
‘Here the guides receive the guests.’
(53) K-oca'-eng oreng dhissa lakar la iya k-oca'-eng.
KA-say-DEF person there real already yes KA-say-DEF
‘This is what the people there say.’
Finally, the form gella', which is an adverbial meaning ‘before’ or ‘re-
cently’, can be used demonstratively in noun phrases, identifying a referent that
has been mentioned recently in the discourse. The sentence in (54) illustrates its
adverbial use.
(54) Reng lake' entar ka Sorbaja gella'.
person male go to Surabaya before
‘The man went to Surabaya a while ago.’