Measure phrases 205
Ordinal numbers are formed in one of two ways. One is to use ka-
peng,which marks ordinality, before the cardinal number, as in kapeng settong
‘first’, kapeng dhuwa ‘second’, and so on. This is illustrated in (106).
(106) Pangeran Cakranengrat kapeng dhuwa' jiya laen moso kai-na.
Pangeran Cakranengrat ORD two this different with father-DEF
‘Pangeran Cakranengrat II was different from his father.’
The other means of indicating ordinality is with a relative clause with the num-
ber taking the prefix ka- as predicate, as se kasettong ‘first’, se kadhuwa'
‘second’, and so on. This is illustrated in (107).
(107) Sengko' maca buku se kadhuwa'.
I AV.read book REL KA.two
‘I read the second book.’
8. Measure phrases
Many noncount nouns require some unit of measurement in order to be discrete-
ly quantified or enumerated, in a way quite familiar from other languages. Thus
particular nouns require particular types of measure expressions, as in (108-
110).
(108) Sengko' parlo lema liter bensin.
I need five liter gasoline
‘I need five liters of gasoline.’
(109) Dayat ma-tadha' tello pereng nase' guring.
Dayat AV.CS-not.exist three plate rice fry
‘Dayat ate three plates of fried rice.’
(110) Karim la ngenom dhu cangker kopi.
Karim already AV-drink two cup coffee
‘Karim drank two cups of coffee.’
The mass nouns bensin ‘gasoline’, nase' ‘rice’, and kopi ‘coffee’ require appro-
priate units of measure such as liter ‘liter’, pereng ‘plate’, and cangker ‘cup’ in
order to be numerically quantified. In these examples the number and the unit of
measure form a constituent that precedes the quantified noun. The measure
phrase can also immediately follow the noun it quantifies, as in (111-113), fully
synonymous counterparts of the sentences in (108-110).