Basic prepositions 229
1.4. bi’ and moso ‘with’
The two prepositions bi' and moso ‘with’ can be used to designate a variety of
relations between an NP and the clause containing it. First, they can be used to
mark comitatives (taking this to be a broad category including association of
two or more entities), (25) and (26).^1
(25) Mangkana engko' keng wa'-dhuwa'-an bi' ba'eng.
therefore I only RED-two-AN with you
‘Therefore, it will only be the two of us.’
lit. ‘Therefore, I will only be two with you.’
(26) Ali saleng pokol so Hasan.
Ali DIST hit with Hasan
‘Ali and Hasan hit each other.’
In (26) moso occurs in its truncated form so. Second, bi'/moso can be used to
mark instruments, as in (27) and (28).
(27) Ali ma-becce' sapedha motor-ra bi' obing.
Ali AV.CS-good motorcycle-DEF with screwdriver
‘Ali fixed his motorcycle with a screwdriver.’
(28) Hasan mowa' buwa-buwa so trek.
Hasan AV.transport RED-fruit with truck
‘Hasan transported the fruit with a truck.’
Third, just as instruments and agents take the same morphology in many lan-
guages, bi'/moso can also mark the agent in a clause with a verb in the object
voice.
(29) Na'-kana' rowa e-berri' pesse bi' Bapa'.
RED-child that OV-give money by father
‘That child was given money by father.’
(^1) In addition to bi'/moso, the comitative/associative relationship can be expressed with
the derived prepositions kalaban/ban (section 2.3) and with the collective adverbial
bareng (Chapter 10), as in
(i) Jan gantheng bareng neka, Rato, ng-angguy diskap ka'dhinto.
more handsome together this king AV-use jacket this
'I look more handsome with this, King, wearing this jacket.'