Basic prepositions 233
(46) Dhapa' gan labang buta.
arrive until gate giant
‘He arrived at the main gate.’
The combination of gan and the locative noun dhinna' ‘here’ is generally used
idomatically to denote completion, that is arrival at the abstract endpoint of
what is being described. In (47), gan dhinna' indicates that the end of the story
has been reached.
(47) Gan dhinna' careta Aryo Mena' Senoyo.
until here story Aryo Mena' Senoyo
‘This is the story of Aryo Mena' Senoyo.’
Like sampe', gan can take a clausal complement, again denoting completion and
functioning as a subordinating conjunction.
(48) Ya ging-daging-nga e-kala' gan diddhi’ e-kakan.
yes RED-meat-DEF OV-take until a.little OV-eat
‘The flesh was eaten little by little.’
At times sampe' and gan appear to modify the main predicate of the
clause. It may be possible to analyze these as including abstract predication of
the subject and sampe'/gan still act as subordinating conjunctions, but definitive
evidence is lacking.
(49) Dhari sakte-na, sampe' lo' endha' e-parenta bi' rato Majapahit.
from sakti-DEF until not willing OV-command with king Majapahit
‘Because of his sakti (supernatural power), he was unwilling to obey the
king of Majapahit.’
(50) Panyake' gella' jeh pas gan sakone' padha elang.
illness before this then until little.bit same disappear
‘The diseases gradually all disappeared.’
In (49), the PP modifier dhari saketna ‘from his sakti’ immediately precedes
sampe', which takes in its scope the predicate endha' ‘be willing’, and there is
no other overt potential main predicate in the clause. In (50), gan takes in its
scope the apparent main verb of the sentence, elang ‘disappear’. Chapter 12
describes subordinating conjunctions that occasionally are used adverbially.