242 Chapter 8 Prepositions and PPs
tive prepositions to denote various locations, this in lieu of a large number of
locative prepositions as found in many other languages. The set includes:
(91) adha' ‘front’
antara ‘between, gap’
attas ‘top, above’
baba ‘bottom, underneath’
budhi ‘behind, back’
dhalem ‘inside’
ereng ‘side’
lowar ‘outside’
seddi' ‘side’
semma' ‘close’
In the general case, these locative nouns combine with one of the basic locative
prepositions e/neng ‘at’, dha'/ka ‘to’, and dhari ‘from’. And the complex prepo-
sitions or complex locative expressions largely take the following form:
(92) locative P + locative N + na + object
The following illustrate the pattern:
(93) a. neng attas-sa meja ‘on the table’
b. e antara-na ku-buku juwa ‘between those books’
The locative noun + na + object actually constitute a possessive construction
with the object as possessor. The parallel between the PPs in (93) and (94) is
clear.
(94) a. neng bengko-na Bu’ Yus ‘at Bu Yus’s house’
b. e kantor-ra Bapa' ‘at father’s office’
The complex locative expressions can thus be more literally translated as ‘on
the table’s top’ and ‘at the those books’ gap’. The examples in sentences (95-
98) illustrate the same pattern.
(95) Neng adha'-eng langgar-ra jareya badha dampar bato.
at front-DEF langgar-DEF this exist sitting rock.
‘In front of the langgar (small mosque) was a rock for sitting.’
(96) Tang telpon badha neng baba-na dlubung juwa.
my telephone exist at underside-DEF paper that
‘My phone was under all those papers.’