A Grammar of Madurese

Basic inventory 13

[p] in syllable-final position

[akəp] ‘catch’

[aḍḍəp] ‘front’

/p/ voiceless aspirated bilabial stop

[p] in syllable-initial position, does not occur in syllable-final position

[purus] ‘dog’

[ampɤ] ‘mine’

/b/ voiced bilabial stop
[b] in syllable-initial position, does not occur in syllable-final position
[bɤɔ] ‘rock’

[ibi ‘alone’

// voiceless dental stop

[] in syllable-initial position

[ana] ‘hand’

[aɛ ‘heart/liver’

[] in syllable-final position

[sɔra] ‘letter’

[pɔlɔ] ‘pencil’

/t/ voiceless aspirated dental stop

[t] in syllable-initial position, does not occur in syllable-final position

[tisa] ‘town’

[uti] ‘accuse’

/d/ voiced dental stop
[d] in syllable-initial position, does not occur in syllable-final position
[dibɤsa] ‘mature’
[dugu] 'dull-witted'

/ṭ/ voiceless alveolar retroflex stop
[ṭ] in syllable-initial position, does not occur in syllable-final position
(except geminates)
[ṭɔwat] ‘scream’

[kɔṭak] ‘box’