292 Chapter 10 Modifications to argument structure
large, the preposition heading the PP is ka/dha' ‘to’. The selection of this prepo-
sition is likely due to the fact that the stimulus argument can be viewed as the
goal or locus of the cognition. Thus, its relation to the verb is not unlike the
goals of verbs of transmittal and verbs of communication.
The basic form of these verbs is illustrated for baji' ‘hate’ and enga' ‘re-
member’ in (41) and (42).
(41) Amie baji' ka taretan-na.
Amie hate to brother-DEF
‘Amie hates his brother.’
(42) Soleha enga' ka nyama-na guru-na.
Soleha remember to name-DEF teacher-DEF
‘Soleha remembered her teacher’s name.’
Here the cognizer is the sole core argument, the subjects Amie and Soleha here,
and the goal-stimulus the object of the preposition ka, here taretanna ‘his broth-
er’ and nyamana guru ‘her teacher’s name’. As demonstrated in Chapter 6 sec-
tion 4.2, the preposition is optional with these verbs, and is more often than not
omitted, as in (43) and (44).^5
(43) %Amie baji' taretan-na.
Amie hate brother-DEF
‘Amie hates his brother.’
(44) %Soleha enga' nyama-na guru-na.
Soleha remember name-DEF teacher-DEF
‘Soleha remembered her teacher’s name.’
The sentences in (43) and (44) have the appearance of having two core
arguments and thus being transitive. However, the locative suffix indicates oth-
erwise. When the locative -e is affixed to the verb, the goal obligatorily occurs
without the preposition and the verb takes the actor voice prefix ng-, as in (45a)
and (46a).
(^5) There is some speaker variation with respect to the acceptability of the sentences in
(43) and (44), thus the % annotation. Some consider it substandard but state that it is
often used in everyday speech situations.