390 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses
(1) Daddi baji' gella', e-soso-we kerbuy pote pan-brampan are
so baby before OV-milk-LOC buffalo white RED-how.many day
dha' iya iya
like.this yes
‘So the baby was nursed by the albino buffalo for several days like this.’
(2) Engko' malem-ma a-mempe se ne-banne.
I night-DEF AV-dream REL RED-no
‘Last night I dreamed something weird.’
(3) Taon sa'ebu sangangngatos sabidak ennem koca'-eng mo'dul pole.
year 1000 900 60 6 say-DEF show.up again
‘In 1966 they say it appeared again.’
Adjectival predicates indicating temporal relations also function adver-
bially in clauses. Among these are dhaggi' ‘next’, gella' ‘recent’, kedhu ‘later’,
laju ‘next’, lamba' ‘former’, paggun ‘still (unaltered)’, and others. Examples of
their use are in (4-6).
(4) Lamba' neng polo Poterran reya lo' ramme kantha sateya.
ago at island Poterran this not noisy like now
‘Long ago the island of Puteran was not crowded and noisy like it is
now.’
(5) Paggun badha sampe' sateya.
still exist until now
‘It still exists now.’
(6) A-gurgur laju, a-rassa gatel.
AV-scratch next AV-feel itchy
‘He scratched next; he felt itchy.’
A handful of temporal expressions fall outside the nominal and adjectival
classes, and these can simply be categorized as adverbs. These include expres-
sions such as buru ‘recently’, ella ‘already’ (usually in its truncated form la), gi'
‘still, yet’, kene ‘now’, na'an ‘soon’, and sateya ‘now’, as exemplified in (7)
and (8).
(7) Mon gi' ngoda barna-na biru.
if still young color-DEF green
‘If it is still young, the color is green.’