392 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses
b. Sa-minggu se tapongkor, Karim nyaba' motor e seddi'-na roma-na.
c. Karim sa-minggu se tapongkor, nyaba' motor e seddi'-na roma-na.
d. Karim nyaba' motor sa-minggu se tapongkor, e seddi'-na roma-na.
e. *Karim nyaba' sa-minggu se tapongkor, motor e seddi'-na roma-na.
Again, many speakers consider (11e) unacceptable or degraded.
A number of temporal expressions such as sabaktona ‘when (at the time
of)’, sabellunna ‘before’, sa'ellana ‘after’, and samarena ‘after’ are derived
nominals. They are comprised of the clitic sa ‘1/all’, a root, and the definite
suffix -na. Thus, samarena, made up of sa + mare ‘finish’ + na. Examples are
in (12) and (13).
(12) Daggi' samarena pettong are so engko' samper-ra e-bagi dha' ba'eng.
later after seven day by me cloth-DEF OV-give to you
‘Later after seven days I am going to give you the cloth.’
(13) Bapa' dhapa' neng kantor sabellunna kol ballu'.
father arrive at office before strike eight
‘Father gets to the office before eight o’clock.’
The sa + root + na derivatives frequently introduce clauses, functioning as sub-
ordinating conjunctions. See section 3.5 for further discussion of this highly
productive structure.
1.2 Frequency adverbs
How often a state of affairs obtains can be expressed by a small number of
words and phrases, including: biyasana ‘usually’, dangkadang ‘sometimes’,
poampo ‘sometimes’, li-baliyan ‘several times’, pan-barampan kale ‘several
times’, rangrang ‘seldom’, (sa)bakto-bakto ‘sometimes’, and seggut ‘often’, as
illustrated in (14) and (15).
(14) Ali rangrang mangkat ka sakola sabellunna kol ennem.
Ali seldom leave to school before strike six
‘Ali seldom leaves for school before six o’clock.’
(15) Bapa' seggut maca koran kaangguy Ebu'.
father often AV.read newspaper for mother
‘Father often reads the newspaper to Mother.’