406 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses
a. seddheng ‘when’ (and its short form dheng) is one
(76) Seddheng la e-kroyo', senjata-na lebbi maju, aher-ra
while already OV-overwhelm weapon-DEF more front end-DEF
bannya' tentara Madura,sentana Madura, bannya' se mate, kala.
many soldier Madura soldier Madura many REL die defeated
‘When they had been overwhelmed by the greater number of weapons,
many Madurese soldiers died, defeated.’
(77) Dheng la padha mate, satreya Majapahit se ka-dhuwa' jiya pas
when already same dead knight Majapahit REL KA-two this then
ng-oca',...
AV-say
‘When they were both dead, the two Majapahit knights then said,...’
b. san also indicates that two states of affairs are true at the same time.
(78) Daggi' san patane mole, buru engko' ngeco'-a.
later when farmer go.home then I AV.steal-IRR
‘Later, when the farmer goes home, I will steal them.’
c. bareng can be translated ‘at the time when’ or simply ‘when’
(79) Bareng kennyang, Si Kancel mole.
when full Si deer go.home
‘When she was full, the deer went home.’
d. sambi ‘while’ denotes simultaneity of actions.
(80) Sambi a-massa',enga' ka ebu'-eng.
while AV-cook remember to mother-DEF
‘While she cooked, she remembered her mother.’
(81) Nyambit Empu Bageno sambi nyemba.
AV.answer Empu Bageno while AV.salute
‘Empu Bageno answered while showing respect.’
At times, both adverbial and main clauses can be marked with sambi, as in (82)
and (83).
(82) Sambi a-lako, sambi katha jiya mekker.
while AV-work while like this AV.think
‘While she worked, she thought about it like this.’