A Grammar of Madurese

(singke) #1

Vowel inventory and distribution 31


word internally as well. In [ɛki] ‘tall’, the non-high [ɛ] follows the voiceless


unaspirated stop [], but the high vowel [i] follows the voiceless aspirated stop.


This is also illustrated by [tittɛl] ‘shake’, in which [i] follows the voiceless as-


pirated dental stop and [ɛ] follows the voiceless unaspirated dental stop. The
rest of the data conform to this regularity.
The pattern is illustrated for the other three pairs in (22-24).


(22) ɔ ~ u 


ɔ u
p pɔkɔl ‘hit’ p purus ‘dog’


 tɔḍus ‘embarrassed’ b buɤ ‘salt’


ṭ ṭɔ ‘only’ t umɛn ‘after’


c cɔɔ ‘look for’ d dunggu ‘dull-witted’


k kɔcɛ’cat’ ṭ ṭuṭɤ ‘widower’


m mɔsɛm ‘season’ ḍ ḍuccɔl ‘loose’
n nɔna ‘young girl’ c cukɔ ‘fish’


ɲ ɲɔɲɔr inflammable’  uu ‘great-great grandparents’


 ɔḍɤ ‘young’ k kunɔ ‘mountain’


l lɔnca ‘jump’ g gudu ‘stupid’


r rɔma ‘house’
s sɔrat ‘letter’


#___ ɔpi ‘screwdriver’


(23) a ~  


a ɤ
p pacɔl ‘hoe’ p pɤkus ‘good’


t ana ‘hand’ b bɤɤri ‘yesterday’


ṭ ṭarat ‘scream’  tɤi ‘become’


c canḍi ‘temple’ d dɤnɔ‘dull-witted’


k kapɤr ‘news’ ṭ ṭɤsar ‘base/foundation’
m mand.i ‘bathe’ ḍ d.t ‘come’


n nakal ‘naughty’ c cɤbɤ ‘Java’


ɲ ɲaman ‘pleasant’  ɤkɛn ‘sure’


 ara ‘possible’ k kɤkkɤr ‘fall’


l labɤ ‘ door’ g gɤɤ ‘beautiful’


r rain ‘pretty’


s sampɛ ‘until’


#___ aɛ ‘water’

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