470 Chapter 15 Speech levels
1. The vocabularies
As is true of Javanese, Balinese, and Sundanese, the distinctions are not made
solely in the pronominal system. Sizable vocabularies are associated with each
level. The table in (2) gives an incomplete but representative indication of the
scope of the system.^2
(2) kasar tengnga'an alos
‘remember’ enga' enget emot
‘not know’ ta' tao bikan ta' oneng
‘here’ dhissa ko'dhissa ka’dhissa
‘this’ reya neko paneka, neka
‘yes’ iya enggi enggi
‘no’ enja' enten bunten
‘now’ sateya sanonto samangken
‘already’ ella empon ampon
‘where’ dhimma ko'dhimma; ka'dhimma
ko'imma
‘what’ apa nape panapa
‘who’ sapa sera, pasera
‘why’ arapa anape anapa
‘how’ baramma; mara nape kadi ponapa
dha’ramma
‘how many’ barampa sanape sanapa
HORT ayu', mara, naddha tore
mayu, maju
‘accompany’ noro' ngereng
‘get’ olle kengeng
‘make’ agabay abadhi
‘meet’ temmo panggi
‘use’ angguy mabi
‘with’ kalaban, moso sareng
‘if’ mon, kalamon manabi, binabi
‘more’ lebbi langkong
‘only’ coma, neng, gun namong
‘serious’ ce' sanget
DEF -na - epon
[εki] in alos. Under a reformed spelling system this difference would not be ob-
scured, the tengnga'an word being spelled engghi and the alos èngghi.
(^2) It should be noted that there is some disagreement among sources (Safioedin 1977,
Muakmam 2007, Pawitra 2009, and personal elicitation) and some imprecision as well.
The examples in (2-4) thus may require further study and refinement.